The herioc elegies and other pieces of Llywarç Hen, prince of the Cambrian Britons

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\/cb. COt. IL 3. 12-

^ H o IjO > S^c<^

THE

HEROIC ELEGIES

ANÌ)

OTHER PIECES

OF

LLYWARÇ HEN,

PRINCE OF THE CUMBRUN BRITONS:

WITH

A LITERAL TRANSLATION,

»T

WILLIAM OWEN.

Y GWIR YN ERBYH Y BYD.

LONDON:

fRlNTED FOR J. OWEN, NO. l68, PICCADILLY,
AND £. WILLIAMSy STRAND.

MPCCXCII,

\

Thíí 'TáüTH 'Agaiiíst the^^orld.— In the year oncî
tlxousand, èight hundred and 8ixty-three, iihe sun.ADrf
proach&g the autumnal êquihox, iû thé föipenoôn óitìSÌ
firat day 'of '^eptember, after due proclamatíon and
ntJtire o£ one year and a dav, thia Gorsedd ia openéd
within the borough of ' Sibrái&éaJ In the proviuce of
Gwrent, with invitation to«tiwhó may assemble here,
wheré nb ẃeaÿbn^is utMAiAfi3}liéâ, íéiiZ wbei-e judgŵáîent >
will be pro^ounced iipon all compaaitiona and wgd^ ojF !
merít áibmitẃà'for adjudicatibh, in the face'of the lun,
and thé eye o£ light.— ^* The tnith against the world/'

The Oofsedd prayaf «»aei nett read by Dr. Jatttesi
Panteé, whfohẅasáe follows^— 7

** Dýro, Dduw, dý ŵaẃdd ; - ü i

Ac yn dy nawdd, nerth ; -^ • ^

Ac yö dy neiŴj dẃU ; ' '"

Aö yn neall, gwybod ; ^

Ac yn ngwybodj gẅybod y cýfiäwtt *

Ac yn ngwybod y cyfiawn, ei garu ; '

Aô o garu, cani 'poh hMlf od ;

Ao yn caru pob hanfod, caru Duw." •, ^ ^

TO

THOMAS PENNANT

ANO

PAUI. PANTON, ESOyiRES,

IN TOKEK OF ACKNOWI<EI>CEMENT,

P.OM AN INDIYIDUAI, OF A NATION

BENEFITSD BY THEtE FATUOTItm

THIS COLLECTION OF TU^ WORKS OF

LLYWARÇHEN,

|S MÇST RBSPECTFULLy DEDICATEP,

|Y TBEIE BUMB^B «BBTAMT,

friLLIAM OfTEHi

SOMË AgCOUNT

OF

LLYWARC HEN,*

WITH A SKETCH OF BRITISH BARDISM,

LLYWARC HEN, or LÌywarç the Aged^ was one of
ihûfe who fignalized themfelves in an agc, remark-
able in the hiftory o{ Britain for terrible war and devafta-

tion.

* Ëìght oí the ElegÌes of LÌy^arç Hcn^ adáreífed to particuiar pcrfoníi,
being in ẅme degree hiftorical, were feieé^ed from his other pieces, and the
lîve íhorteíl, and part of the three longeft of them trànflated, with notes,
and a ÍÌcetch of tne Author's life, by the late Richard Thomas^ A.B. oijefus
College^ Ôxforâ, tíaving acceís to the "woric which Mr. ThomasMt behind#
I was induced, for the fake of a íhort reipite from my long confinement to
the compilîng of a Ìf7l/h aild Englijh Didionary, to beftow a few days in
nîaking a tranflatîon of the remainder of Llywarç Hên's Poems j but on ex-
amining what was already done, I found the Tranflator had been too
anxious in aîming at elegance, to preíerye that ftridly literai form which it
was my wifli to give; 1 therefore rcndered the whole, line for line, as
clofe as the two languages would permit. Indeed the Englijh phrafeology
has been made fubfervient to the original, as oftea as it could be done,
without becoming unintellígible. This remärk I wifli the Reader to re-
member as an apology for many paflages; but others may be the refult of
a want of leifure, and ability. What'little account is given of the Author,'
is for the moft part taken from the flcetch by Mr. Thomas\ whofe prema-
ture death, thofe who have a tafte for Britijh Antiquities have real caufe to
lament.

There were many celebrated Bards amongft the ancient Britonsj whofc
produítioiis have been partly preferved to the prefent time j but it is to be

«3 regretted

VÌ SOME ACCOÜNT 0# LÍŸWARÇ HEN, ètài

tîon. As to the exa£t perîod whcrein he flouriíhed we arŵ
enabled tó delcrniíne, wíth a toíerable degree of cxadnefs^
by concurring circumftanccs, that he was bof n about the
commencemcnt of the fixth, and líved to the middle of
the fcYcnth centuryÿ being about á hundrcd and íifcy
years old at the time of his dcath.^

He was defcended from priûces, who had beení ele6tívcf
monarchs of thc whole ifland. His father was Elidyf

Lydanwyn^ •

ftgtetted thaf a öẃnber öf ntdft ctnîoìis reíicfcs havé alfo been loft thfougb.
tjic YÌcilfitudes of deftni6livc warfare; and what rertiaîn moulder away
apace. The number of pieces ẁhich are now extänt, compoíbd antfcrîor-
tQ the death of the laít Lly^elyn may be about five hundred ; nearly a third
pfwhichare as old as the fífth, fíxth and feventh centuries; and writterf
chiefly by Aneurín^ Myrddin ab Morwyn^ and Llywarç,- who were northernf
JBritonsy and Taliejîny a native (^ Wales. Fearirig that a total obliviort
íhould, at fome fliort pcrîod hence, be the fate that aWaits thefe monu-
ments of genius, the Editor, anxíous to give ŵe world fome notice of their'
exiftence, has it in view to lay them before the public, to give Aich an ide*
of their merits as can be formed from a mere literal verfîon ; in the man-
ner adopted in the prefent colleÄion.

* Arthur ẃas killed in 542, Cadiucìîíon died about the yèar 646, at botfe
of which pcriods Llywar^ was aJive, confequently what is advanced above
cannot be far fi*om the truth. Collateral proofs might be brought froni'
the old Pedigrees, the Catalogue of Britljh Saints, and fróm the Triades, that
would fettle the point with a greater degree of certainty ; but perhaps it
wiU Bot be thought of 'fuch moment as to want farthçr elucidatio%

SÒME ACCOÜHT OP tttWAAç ttEK, &C«

Vil

Lydanwyn^ thc fon q{ Meirçion^ thc fon of GnEÇ/?, the fon of
C^ŵ7/i, thc fon of Coel king of Brifain.*

* To gratify fhc curîous in old pedigrccs ftill more, wc are cnabled t4
gîvc that of thc venerable Lljwarç hcrc morc at largc»

" í MtltjlAWll* /

-1 Cynyaäç, marrìedto NeYyn, áauihtfr çflitj^

-2 Masç» marriid to EíTjllt.

»3 Eliptr LyDANWYM.

^i LLZvr,marrieJto AimM,/ifterofArthm,

^ Uriin, marrieJ to Modron, äaugbter ofArẅi^

^3 Asawn«

^ EuRDDTt, «^tf 0/'£lifer Gofgofdd-.vawr.

«I EssTLLT, a daugbter.

•I Lltwarç Hin.

•I MiDRAWD, the TraÌtor.

«I Q^Aiv,marrtedfrfitoÝeDSXŶKXk,* theuto^t^fw,^

Pasgin.
.3 RhiwallAwn«
.4 MoRYUDDy a daugbter^
«5 Elphin.

>6 Cadill*

,1 GWRGI.

,2 PlRIDUR.

3 ClINDRIçBlNASGtLt, tf <Ì^^/&f^. ,

^i Llawr.( 7 Madawg. 13 LlAYTR.

2 GwiN. 8 Main. 14 Lltn'gidwy.

3 PtLL. 9 MlDYL. 15 ElTHTR.

4 SlLTY. JO LtlTlR. 16 Erthtr*

5 Sanddit. XI GwtLL, 17 Argad.

6 CiNAu. 12 Sawyl. 18 Lliy.
^25 Rhuill» 26 CiiNTRON, and 27 Rhacaw^ da:igbteru

j Cyndiyrn, or KcBtigem, bìjbop ^St. Afdph*
. L I Nidiaw, St.

^a GWRYYW.

29 Arau.*
Ao UfltN.

21 MlÇYDD*

a2 Cynllug.

23 CYNDDItia.
24. DUAWO*

• Daughter of Cuì Vanawfd Prydain,
^ Daughter of Llewddyn Luyddawg of Edìnhurgh*

% Yarìations of the names ftom diilierent copies-^tmi^» Nevydd, Dngyff Nudd, Rtmdd^
-Hii/yn, Uy^ierydd, Gorttfpion^ Cain, Lloríen, Cynddeho, Dwyv>gi Bwyn^ SJwh

»4 What

VÌU SOME ACCOÙNT ÖF LLYWÁRÇ HEN, &c/

What has been affcrted with refpeít to the perîod
wherein Llywarç lived, the following detail of the leading
încidents that happened to him, wiU corroborate with a
confiderable degree of precifion.

According to the Hijiorical ^riades,^ he paffed fome of
his younger days in the court of the cèlebrated Arîhur»
But it feems his continuance there was not long îor he de-
parted in difguft; at leaft fo it may be concçived from the
foUowing Triad: ,

" Tri thrwyddedáwg, ac ánvöddawg Uŷs Arthur; Llýwarç
■' Hên, a Llwmhunig ab Maon, a Heledd verç Cyndrwyn."

** The three free and difcontented gueíls in the court of Àrthur:
Llywarç the Agtdy and Llwmhunìg the fon of Maon^ and Heledd thc
daughter oi CyndrwynJ'*

In the fame ancîent documents there is a Tríad that ís a
very honourable teftimony of the abilities of Llywarç; by
which it appears he was no lefs efteemed for his wifdom in
council, than for his prowefs in the field of battle. Thefe
are the words;

*^ Trl çyngoríad varçawg llŷs Arthur : Cynon ab ClyJno Eiddyn^
•* Arawn ah Cynvarç, a Llywarç Hên ab Elidyr Lydanwyn."

'* The three counfeHing warriors of thc court di Arthur : Cynon
** the fon of Clydno of Edtnburghy Arawn the foa of Cynvarçj and
** Llywarç Hcn tUc fon oiElìdyr Lydanwyn^^ .

* The Trìades ofthe IJh of Bntaìn^ as they are callecf, are fofne o? äie
moíì: cufious anLd valuable fragments preferved in the Wdjì) language.
They rclate oííperfons, and eVentsfrom the carlieft timesto the beginninff
of Ŵc feyenth' century.

Aríhur,

ì

SOME ACCálTNT OF LLYWÁRÇ HEN, &G. ÌX

Jrthur fcU in the battle of Camlan, in the year 542, at
yhich period Llywarç muft have been nearly forty years old*
His ftay with Arthur was not long, .tbe particular time,
iTîoft probably, was when he compofed the Elegy on Ger^
aint ab Erbin^ about the year 530, in which Artbur is
inentioned. Llywarç toolc no part in the .civil waí* that
brought on the cataftrophc at Camlan^ fo fatal to the caufe
of the Britons ; for he was then in his own principality of
Argeed^'^ in Cumberland. Seeing the lowring ftorm ap-
proaching on cvery fide, he entered into a confederacy
with his relation Í7r/V», prince of Reged, and his valiant
fon Owain,'\' for the purpofe of repelling the incroach-
ments of the Saxons^ on their refpeä:ive territories ; thofc
perfevering invaders having already obtained pofleíTion of
the countries to the eaftward, called Deivyr a Brymiç^ or
JDeira and Bernicia.

The ancient writer of the Saxon genealogies, at the end
of the Chronicle of Nennius, mentions that there were four
kings in^ Cumbria^ at the fame time, that is to fay, Urien^
^ho was eledçd fovereign; Rhydderç'ì^ the Genefous;

* The anGÎent Cumhrta is not tö be underftood as comprehended withîn
the limits of the province now called Cur}:herland\ but it was fo mueh of tho
northern country as the Cynmry retained at that period, ext€nding into Scot-^
land, However it is pretty ccrtain that Argoed was a part of the pi»eÍ€nt
Cunîherland\ it lay weft of the Foreft of Celyddon^ and was bordered by that
wood, to the eaíl, as the name implies.

t " Tri gwyn deyrn Ynys Prydam: Rhun mab Maelgwn, Owain mab
** Urien, a Rhuvaon Bevyr mab Deorath Wledig."

" The three blefled princes of the ifle of Britaìn : Rhurt the fon of Mael^
** g'-wn; Chjuain the fon of Urien; and Rhwuaon the Fair, the fon of Deo^
** rath Wlcdig:' ' Triades.

í ". Un o dri-ar-ddeg o vr€nînawl dly íau Ynys Prydain : Dyrnwyn, cledd

" Rhyddcrç,

Ì SOMÊ ACCÒÚÌÍT OF lLŸWARÇ ẂEÍr, &C*

Gwalhg the fon of LTéenàg^ and Aforf^)«r.-f' Thefe> un-
der the command of Urien, defeated Deoderic king of Bet'^
nicia, and obliged him to retrèat to thò ifland of Medcant^
ẅhere he was blocked up for three days^ Whilft Urien was
thus purfuing rhe advantages ovcr the eneihy^ he was báfely
murdered by Llovan LaivddifrOy and Dyvnavâly at the in-
ftigation of Morgantj who envied his fuperior talents and
itnilitary prowefs.J This adion was included in a Triad^

dtnominated

^ Rhydderç Hâel; yr hwn pah dỳnid o*i wain ae'n dân o'i ddẁrn hyd ct
"^ vlaen."

** One of the thírteen princeîy raritîes oí Britah was Dyrtmytty the fword
** of Rhydderç the Generous, which when drawn out of thè íheath would
** appear as a gleaming flame from the handle to the point." MSS.

*' TriHaeîYnys Prydain: Rhyddérç Hael ab Túdwal Tudglud; Mor-
^* dav HaeÌ mab Servan : a Ntìdd Hael vab Senyllt."

** The three generous chiefs of the iflc of Britain: Rhydderç Hael^ the foil
^ oíTud^alTudgîud\ Mordav Haeìj thc fon of Servan; and Nudd Haeî^
*« the fon of Senyîltr Tri a o eî.

* ** Tri aerveddawg Ynys Prydaîn: Selyv mab Cynan Garwyn, ac
>* Avaon mab Taìiefin, a Gwallawg mab Llëenawg; fe^ açaws y gelwid
** hw)ait, yn aerveddogiòn, wrth ddial eù cam oc eu bcdd."

** Thc three grave flaughterers of the ifle of Britain : Selyü the fon of
^* Cynan Garnxyn^ Avaon the fon of Tüliefiny and Gnvaliog the fon of Llee^
^* nog; thc reafon they were Called gräve flaughtering chicfe was, that they
** rcvenged their wrongs cven from their graves." Teiades.

t " Tri Rhuddväawg Ynys Prydain: Arthur, Rhun mab Beli, a Mor-
** gant Mwynvaẃr."

** The three ruddy chiefe of thc ifle of Britain : JÍrihury Rhun the fon of
** Beìi^ and Morgant M'wyn'uapjor.^^ Tiriaûes.

} Nennius. He is confirmed by this Triad:

** Tri tharw câd Ynys Prydaìn : Cynvawr Cad Cadwg mab Cynwyd
•* Cynwydion, Gẃenddoiau mab Ceidiaw, ac Urien mab CyRvarç."

•* The threc Bulls of Conjliä ôí the ifle of Britain : Cynva<wr Cad Cadwg

*' thc

50ME ACCÒÜNT Oí ÌLtẀARÇ HÉN, &C. xi

dcnommated ihc thíee viUainous dceds of the ifle of BrU

tatn.

Urien havîng thus fallcn a viftim to treachery^ his fons
Owaìn^ Pa]^en^\ Rbiwallon,X Elphin, and Cadel/, in con-

ccrc

** the íbn öf Cyh^d Cyt^úydion^ Gnjüenddolau the fon of Ceîdio^ and Uriíà
** i\ìt{oTioiCỳm;arçJ*

* Thcre arè feveral poems by Talìejin ftiU extant recording the battles of
tlrien arid his fon Chìjain^ who are likewife mentioned in feveral Triades —

** Trî gwyn dorllwyth Ynys Prydain : Urien ac Eurddyl, plant Cynvarç
** Hên, a vuant yri un torliwyth y' nghalon Nevyn verç Bryçan eu mam ;
** yrailOwainab Urien a Morsrudd ei çwaér, a vuant yn un torliwytli
** y' nghalon Moáron verç Avallaç ; y trydydd, Gẃrgi a Pheredur a Ceîn-
** dreç Benafgell, plant Eiifer Golgordd vawr, a vuant y* nghalon Euiy*
** ddyl vetç Cynvarç eu mam/* '

** The three bleíTed burdens of theẁomb, of the iíleof Bntain: UrJèm
** and Eurddyly the children of Çynvarçy ẁho werc twins in the womb of
*' Neiÿnj daughter of Bryçani theìr mother; thé fecond was O'wain ati
** Urien and Momjudd his fiftei* that were one burden in the ẃomb of
** Modron àaxíghtcr óf Aval/aç ; the third was G'wrgiy Peredur^ and Cein-^
** dre^ Benafgell, the children of Elifer with the numeroús clani who were
** orie burden in thc womb of Eurddyl the daughfer of Cyn<varç^ thcif'
** mother."

t " Tri thràhaẅg YhysrPfydaîris Sawyl Bemiçel, Pafgeri riiab Urien, á
** Rhun mab Einiawa."

** Thé threé haughty chiefs of tíie ifle oî Britain: SaiLylBenuçelj Pnfi
^ gen the fon of Urieny and Bhun the fon òf Einìorty Triades.

% ** Trr hualögîori deulu Ynys Prydain : teüki Cafwalíawn Lawhir, ai
'* ddodafant hualau eu meirç ar eu traed bob ddau onaddynt, wrth ymladd
** â Serîgi Wyddel y' Ngherig jr Gwyddyl yn Môn ; a tlieulu Rhîwallawni
**. mab Urienÿ yn ymladd a'r Saefon; a tlieulu Belyri o Leyn, ynymladd
•* ag Edwyn, yn Mryn Ccnau yn Rhôs."

** The thrìee fettercd clàns of the ifle of Britain : the clan öf Cafwallojìi
** ŵith tbe krig hárid, wbo put the fetters of their horfes on their legs, two

♦* by

ü

XU SOkE ACCOUNT Ot? LLYWARÇ HEN, ÄCC.

cert with their relations, but the firft in particular, ftrug-
gled hard againft the Saxons, with various fucceíTes, until
they all eventually fell by the fword, or were obllged to
quit their cóuniry. Amongft the latter was the venerable
Lfywarç y'V/iíh his furviving fons, now rcduced to a few in
number, who took refuge in Powys, where they were
hofpitably received by Cynddylan^ prince of a part of that
country.

This Cynddylan was the fon of Cyndrwyn^ and probably a
jrelation of Broçwel^ another Powyftan prince, who com-
lîianded the army of the Britons againft the Saxons, in thc
mcmorable battle oí Bangor, in theyear 603, being then a
very old man.* Cýndrwyn^ had four brothers, Maoddyn^
I^lwyddanj Eirinweàd, ^ 3.nd Cýnon; and fix fons, Cynddylan^
Ehany lOynon, Gwion^ Givyn, and Cuawg. Moft of thefe, if
not all, periftied in their wars with the Saxans. '

At the time that Llyiuarç came into Powys, Cynddylan,
and his brother Ehan, were at war with the neighbouring
people of Lloegyr^ probably Saxons and Roman Briions
unitcd; but wliom the Bard calls by the name oî Franhs^
in one paflage : their commander's name was Sannier; who,
. in conjuòlion with one Twrçy had feized on Tren, a town

*« by two together, wheii íightîng againíl Sengî Úìt trìjhman, 2X ÛiÇ Lijh .
*' Siones in Moni and the clan of Rhinjüallon the Ibn of Urien^ fighting ,
" againíl the Saxons;znà the clan of Belyji of Llcyn^ íîghting agaìnft Éd»
*ikyny 2ii Brýn Cênauin Rlosy Triades. •

* One of the fons of Cyndr^yn was înthat battle.

'\ He Hved at Lìy/dyr'wcnan líear Caeì' Einion,

thaç

SOME ACCOUNT OF LLYWARÇ HEN, SeC, XÎU

tliâf wa$ the property of tlie father of Cynddylan, Ctuate moft
Iikely on the river Tern, near the fVrekiny where the fcenc
of the Elegy on Cynddylan chiefly lies. Llywarç, and his
fons, took a very aûive part in the wars carried on by their
proteftors. Tradition fays that he was in an engagement
at RhiW'Waedogy near Bala^ in Meirion ; and which is con-^
firmed by the Poet himfelf, in thç foUowing ftanza:

** Cyncldclw cadw dlthau y rhiw,

" Er à íUêl yma heddyw —

*^ Cudeb am un mab nid gwiw T*

^ Cynddelw^* guard thou the cliflF,

^^ Againft whoeve may come hcrethîs day— ?•

•* Fondnefs for onc furviving fon íhall not avail !'*

This battle probably deprived Llywarç of that remainîng;
fon, and it might have been the laft in which he bore a
part himfelf.* ^

Dr. J. D. RbyS has preferved the foUowing ftanza, not to
be met with in the regular works of Llywarç, which hc

* There îs a ftanza in one of the Elegîes that îs almoft thc fame as thîs,
çxcept the name, confequently one may be only a different reading of thc
other, the effeft of an error in the tranfcript.

* Near the place where it h^pened, în thc middle of the townfliip of
JRhí<W'nvaedogj there is a deep little yalley, where there is generalJy fome
Hagnant water in winter, called at this day P'wlly Gelanedd^ or the Pool of
the Slain ; and a few years ago, in a fìeld contiguous to the place, a man
fpund a fpear head^ which he beliéved was brafs, but he had \o& it.

made

KÌV 80ME ACCOUNT OF LtlTWARÇ KEK^ &cỳ

madc on fecîng the hprfe of his fon Paen ftumblc undcŷ
him.

f* Mor fwrth y fyrthìoedd març Paeni
" Yn mariandir} grodir gratn
** EiYÌonydd, mynyç malaen~
í* Lle ni bo mign e vydd macn.''

*^ How abruptly fell the horfe of ì^ä^»,

f^ In the fandy, graveHy foil *

•* Of Ehíonyddy tçeming ẁith mîsfortunesr-r

** Where there is no bog thcre a ftone vpill bc« '^

An old ínanufcript furniíhcd another fugitiye Ycrfcj^ prci
faced with an anecdote to thç following import.* It hap^
pcned that Gweny the fon of Uywarç^ had his horfe fciUcd
undcr him in battle; and himfelf was flain fometimç aftcr'ç
wards. The fcull of thc horfe having becn placcd, inftcad of
a ftone, in a bridge ovcr a nvulet, that was çontiguous to
thc fpot whcrc he was killed, Llywarç by chancc pafled
that way, when his fervant told him — *^ That is thc fcuU
*^ of thc horfe of Gwen your fon !''' To which l^c rC'-'
plied —

** Mi a welais ddydd i'r març,

** Friw hydd, tavJedydd tywarç,

* Thefe are tlie orîginal words— :£y a ddamwetmocdd Iladd marçGwêii
ab Llywarç mewn brwydyr : Gwedi lladd y març, cv a lâs Gwên^ ac yn hîr
o yíbaid gwcdi hỳny y rhocíbw}'d pcng^og y març yn lle çàrcg mcwn làrn,
dros aber ocdd yn ymyl y man llc lladdcíid y març. Aç yn ol hýny
damweinioedd i Lywarç Hèn dramwyaw ar hyd y fordd hòno ; ac yno i
dywaid gwâs LlyHirarç wrtho— " Dacw bcnglog març Gwén ab Lly warç»
*• eiç mab çwi."-^Ac yno i canoedd Uywarç y pcnnîH hwn ar yr açaw»
Hẁnw.

"* * flOME ACCO0NT OF LLTWARÇ HEN, &C* XY

<* Na fangai neb ar ci ên,

« Pan oedd tan Gwên ab Llyw^rç/*

•f I faw a 4ay to the horfç,

•* With the loolcs of a ftag, the thrower up of fods^

^* That none would have trodden on his jaw,

** When he was ^nder Gwên the fon of Llywar^^*

The whole life of Llywarç was almoft an uninterrupted
ftate of hoftility, chequered by a feries of uncommon and
affliding YÌciffitüdes. He outlivcd all his fons, friends and
proteâors, and being reduced to extreme mifery, be rc-^
tircd to a folitary huç at Aber Cuawg^^ in Montgomery/hirè\
but that it feems was not l^is laft retreat, In the pariíh of
Llanvory near Balay there i§ a fecluded place, called Pahell
Llywarç Hen^ or the Got of Old Llywarç. His fituation
thcre is pathetically defcribed in his Elegy on Old Age.
Thcre hc probably died, but at what particular time can*
not be determined; though there is great rcafon to fup-
pofc it was only a littlc whilc after the dcath of Cadwallonj
which happened 'abput the year ó^ó.-f- Old traditions
agree that Llywarç ái^á at the age of one hundred and
fifty years ; and that he was buried in the church of Llan^
VQr. Dr. Davies fays, that ìn his tixuc, there was an in-

* Thîs mîght haye bçen the. patrimony of Cua^g^ the fon of Çyudruyn^
and Haye taken its name from him.

t Some chronicles place the déatb bf Cad^aìlon as latc as the year 676,
which certainly is erroneous. There is a confulìon in the dates with rc-
ípcô to thc cohtínuance of the reign of Cadwüalîon^ and of his fon Cadwa^
/^r; but they agrce that^ the fbrmer acceded to the principality of Wìdes
ŵput the year 6ia, and to the nominal fovereignty of Britain in 633.

fcriptîori

\

Xn SOME ACCOÜNT OF LLYWARÇ HEN, &C#

lcrîptîon to be feen in thc wall of the church, under which
ît was faid Llywarç was intcrred ; but that is now covered
over with the plaifter, or otherwife defaced fo that no re-
mains of it is to be feen,

- It may be inferred that Llywarç compofed moft of the
pieces now extant, after his retreat into fFales^ to footh his
mind, borne down with calamities,and the infirmities of
uncommon old age. Cold muft be that breaft that can be
unmoYcd in perufing his artlefs compiaint, that death
lingered^ after he had been bereft of four and twenty fons,
wcaring the golden chain, the bigh-prized badge of honour
of a Britijh warrior,

To the curious, the foUowing documents, rclative to
Llywarçy will be intereiling, even for their great antiqui-
ty; at the fame time they wiil íhew, in what high eftima-
tion he was held by bis countrymen, He is honourably re-
ccrded in the Triades of Britairiy already quoted; and this
îs one favourablc to a trait of his charader, little cultivated
iíi his time, and npw not much more perhaps-^

♦* Tri lleddyv Unben Ynys Prydain; Manawydan mab Llyr
•* Llediaith, Llywarç Hên mab Elidyr Lydanwyn, a Gwgawn
** pwrawn mab Peredur mab Elifer Gofgordd vawr : Aç yfcv açaws
** y gelwyd hwynt yn LIeddyv Unben, wrth na çeifynt gyvoeth; ac
*• na allai neb ei luddias iddynt.'*

** The three difinterefted Prînces of the ifle ofBrìtain : Marwwydan
" rtiç fon of Llyr with the barbarous languagc ; Llywarç the Old, fpn

of

lÓMË ÀCCÔÛÍÍf Ó? LLYẄARÇ ÖEN, &C4 5tv3t

^* of iÉ'//tí^r Lydanwyii ; and Gẁgon Gwton, the fon of Teredury the foiì
** of ^///fr with the numerouí clan : And the teafön they were called
*' difiíitfefefted Princes was, becaufe they föught not'fór döminion^
" whèri it waìs out of the poẃer òf äny to have oppofed them,**

Afìêuriiìy the celebrated autîior of the GodôMny^^ heroîò
jpoem on the Battle of Cattraeth, fays that he was çeleafed
fröm prifon by a fon of Llywarç :

** O gärçar äflwar daear ym dug ;

*' O gyvle angau, o anghar dud,

*' Cenau vab LJywarç, dihavarç drud;^*

** Prom thé urìpleafantçrîfon öf earth T am releafed;

** From the haunt of death, and a hateful land,

*' By Cenátt the fon of Llywarfy magnanimöus and bold.**

^ Nennius^ in his ÍÌiort lift of bright poetic geniufes, íiás?
TûlhaearHy Tudain Tâd Awenỳ Aneurin^ Taliejiny and LlýiJüarg.

A cotíipofitiön of tiie tenth century, entitîed Tnglynioný
Clywedỳ qüotes a fentiiiient there attibuted to Llywarç t

** A glyẁeîfti à gânt t,íývVärÇi
** Öedd henwr drud dihavarç :
** önid cyyarwydd eyrarç."

^ T tíis is tlié riaitle of a còuntry conipreheriding tiie Ìea-còali òf Ììorth'*
uniberland^ Merfe^ and Lothian^ the inhabitants of which are denorainated
Otodinì^ iri Román authòrs. The above poém is in praife of tliree huf -
dred and fixty-thrée chiefs bf this couritry, who Were aU flain, CÄcept three^
in a battle againit the Smons;^ at Cattiactbi

% »^DÎdíl;

\

Itrlji 50ME ACCOÜNT OF LLYWARÇ ÄEN, ScC,

" Didft thou hear what Llywarç fang,
*^ The intriped and brave old man :
^ ** Greet kindly though there be no acquaintancc.'*

Thefc teftîmonîals, honourable to the name of Llyivarç^
Ihall conclude with one from the works of Einion ab
Gwgafíj a bard of the twelfth century; who, in compli-
menting Llywelyn ab Jorwerth prince of tVale$y fays—

** Llywelyn boed hyn, boed hwy ddyçwain,
** No Lly warç hybarçi hybar gigwaîn.'*

** Llywelyn^ mayeft thou, in age and good fortune, profpcr
** More than Llywarç the venerable, with his bloody lance/*

It is neceflary to remark that Llywarç was not a meniber
of the regular Order of Bards^ for the whole tenòr of his
life militated againft the Ìeading maxims of that fyftem ;
th€ ground-work oF which was univerfal peace, and per-
fçâ: equality. For a Bard was not to bear arms, nor even
to cfpoufe a caufe, by aný other aâ:ive means; neither was
a naked weapon to be held in his prefence, he being
deemed the facred charafter of a Herald of Peace. And
în any of thofe cafes, whcre the rules were tranfgreífed,
whether by his owh will, or the aâ: òf another againft him,
he was degraded, and no longer dcemed one of the order.
But inftances of fuch tranfgreffions very feldom took place;
the Triades record three fuch, as being remarkable, and a
more fatisfaftery confirmation of the remark could not well
have been procured.*

. * « Tri gwaywrudd Yeirdd YnysPfydaîií: Triftyardd, barddUríen;
^* I)yg}'nnelw, bardd Owain; ac Avan Yerddig, bardd Cadwallawn mab
;* Cadvan.*'

** T)|e thrce bards of the ifle of jffrẁẃ who tíngcd fpears with blood ;

SOME ACCOÜNT OŸ LLYWARç HEN, &C. XÎX

We muíl here tìoÇe this íhort íltetch of the Life of
Uywarç; for hiftory wiU aflifl: us no farther, in any mate-
rial circumftances, in addition to thofe already ftated. As.
to any matter ihat his own works would aíFord, it is deem-
ed unneceíTary to enlarge upon in this place; but a few
pbfervations'may be wanting, with refpect to their general
feature, and comparative merit, as poetical compofitions.
It firft ftrikes our notice that a clofe copying after natuTe,
with artlefs fimplicity, is the prominent oútline of tha.
whole;* and what chiefly contributed to this was the par-
tiality of Llywarç for the proverbial maxims of his coun-
try; as all his pieces abound with thefe elegant memorials
of the wifdom, and obfcrvation of the earlieft ages; and his
wriîings are valuable, even confidered as the vehicle that
brings to our view thofe maxims, which fliew the manner
of thinking of our anceftors at fo remote a period of anti-
quity. They have alfo a faithful hiftorical charafter ; for
whatever particulars are recorded by Llywarç^ though they

'* TrìJIvardd^ Úít bard of Ünen; Dygynnel'w^ the bardof Öwŵííj and Avarí
** Verddig^ the bard of Cad^allon the fon of Cad^an*^

* The metres tífed by Llywar^ are of the fimpleft kind j^for he almoft
înraríably has the Trihan Mil-wr^ or tbe Warrior's Triplet^ He is fingiilar
in this refpeél; for his cotemporaries compofed in a variety of othet
metres, admitting more harmonious cadences, and of greater dignity. la
the Poetical Inftitutes of the'Bards there is this obfcrvation on the Triban :
** The moft fimple of all the ôanzas is tbe Warrior's Triplet; for it has
** fimplicity of verfe, rhyme, and ftanza ; as the firft of ftanzas was the
" ti'iplet, and the firft kind of rhymc ẁas unirhythm; therefore it is
*' judged, that of all the various ftanzas the Warrior*s Triplet is the moft
*' venerable ; for fo is the firft of all things ; aiid of ftanzas, the WaiTÌor*»
Jl Trij)let is the moft oriÿnal*"

b i relate

%

áíX SOME ACCÖÜÎÎT Oí" LLYWARÇ HEN, SfC*

relate to a confincd circle of events,yet, as we may rely oii
their authenticity, they mu:t be confidered as a neceíTary
link in the chain of our Hiftoíy; and certainly, ín con-
junftion wîth all the other produftions of contcmporary
bards, they íhed a light on thíi age wherein he lived little
îmagincd by the world at large.*

The Odes of Llywarç poffefs fome charafteriftîc pcculi-
arities, comtnon to the poetry of the Cynmry^ not to be
found in that of other nations; and which perhaps, inftead
of being defined here, wiU appear to the reader with more
fatisfadion, by giving fome account of the fource from

* Thöíe whp have a real wiíh to be acquaíritecl ẅíth the truths óf anti*
qnity, may lament that there has not becn fufficient encouragement to pub-
lîíh all thefe documents ; but on the other hand, what an ample field i§
tliere leftforthofeof fertile îmagination to formeach hisown hypothefîs,and
lo make bold affertions. Within a^ew years an atntiquarian haa made his
appearance, well endowed with thoíé qualifications. He began very lauda-
bly, tò oppofe tlie abfüíxiitics of thofc who had gone before in the fame
path ; but when he conceived he had overturned fheir fnperftruÄures, he,
Crom'well'\ìkey aíTumed unlimited âutiiority to im]x>fe dogmas of his own
înventiön, tö the juftoeft of which all mufì: aflent withotrt íippcal. Béag
born in that part of Brìtain^ which enabled him to nTake out a faír title to
"beîng a Goth, he feh, as he thought, the impulfe of fuperíór penetration,
and pronounced the inhabitants of other parts, who were made out to bé
CELts, as by nature an inferior racc of men ; and that they fpoke a jargon
fo rude and confined, as muíl be inadequate to exprefs ideas truly Gothic,
But, granting he mi^t bc abk to prove the firft part oif tke allegation, how
will heinaintain that the ì^l'ljh language, by him deemed Celtic^ is ntdcand
confined, when he ought to know of its haviiig above a hundred thoufand
wordí, regularly formed from monofyllabic roots; upon a rule of combina-
tion that leaves room to double, or even to ti^ble-that number, on the fam'ê
flock, if it were necelTary ?

whencç

whence they orîgînate, the Inftitution of theBards ìnBritain.
Therefore we Ihall, as a matteroffomecuriofity, endeavour
to give a very íhort íketch of a fyftem, of which the world
has hitherto unavoidably entertained but a very iraperfedt
notioii.

BARDISM.

' Whatever diftinguiíhing traits a communîty may ac-
quire in its early ftate, conftituting a national charaíter,
muft be more or lefs preferved according to the degrec of
intercourfc it may have, with pcople of diflTerent habits and
cuftoms. From this obfervation we are led to premife what
fcems in no want of argument for fupport, that whatever
the advantages, or opportunities iiìight be in favour of a
foreign connedion, there was a ftrong principle implanted
in the fociál oeconomy of the Cynmry militating againft it.

The name of Cynmry, by which the M^eljì) call thcm-
felves,* as remarkable for its import, as thc length of its
continuance, they have preferved ever fince they became^a
feparate body of people in the world; and that too amidft
yj^iíruudes, w'hich according to common probabilities,
muft have overwhelmed every trace of originality.-f-

One

* It is remarkable there îs not an inftance to be produced of the ìVeIfh
callìng themfelves Prydeinìaid^ the name that is analagous to Brìtons^ as
mîght be fuppofed they naturally wouid, from Tnys Frydain^ or the ijh
abounding ^jjith beauty^ which is the meaning of the ille oí Britain.

+ There is no particular necefíity of bringing quotations to fupport thi»,
as it is very well known that the name is often to be found in Greek and

b 3 Romaa

jtxii :bardism«

One caufe which contrîbuted to prefenrc theîr diftînÄîon
of charafter was this : whenever any particular tribe of
the nation became fo fituated, as to be intermixt with
ftrangers, ìt was confidered by the main body as alienated,
and was ftigmatized with a new name. To this muftbc
attributed the various appellations, which are all con-
founded together by ftrangers; fucli as Galatwys, GalwySj
and Galiaidi who were the original Pynmryy and CeiltwySj
Cdhiaidj BelwySy BelgwySj Belgiaid^ Peithwys^ Tfgodogîotiy
Gwyddyly Gwyddelod^ and Celyddoni^ who were the borderers
of the Cýnmry; and perfeétly of the fame defcription as the
Bach'Woodmen are, in the United States of America ; for all
of the laft mentioned clafs of names convey the fame idea,
as that we have of thofe American Settlers. In like manner
the fouth coaft of Britain came to be called Lloegyr^\ from

Roman authoi*s, from the earlieft perlods. The found of the name of
Cynmry is remarkably well preferved in Rimhros^ Coimbriy Cimbri^ and C//«*
merii. Thofe ancients were more attentive than the moderns in this re-
fpeíl, for ail the Britijh names found in their works are lefs corrupted than
the names of places in Wales^ in the maps of the prefent time.

* The exa6l meaning of Celt is a Covert\ fo Ccili'wys^ and Ceiltiaid, were
the People ofthe Coverts; the Bel'wys, Belg^s^ and Belgiaid^ werc thofe 'who
made irruptions out of the horders^ or Warriors ; and the Peith^jys were the
Expofed People ; whether becaufe they went naked, or that they dwelt ili
tbe open or ctefert country, is not certain. The Weljh call Ireland T Werddon^
or the Wefern Countty; but the people are denominated G<wyddyly and
G'wyddelody the Inhahitants ofthe Woods^ or Wtlds. The name for Scotland
is Alban^ the Higher^ or Upper Region ; but the people are called Tfgodcgion^
the Inhabitants ofthe Shadesy or CoifeTts. It is remarkablc that the names
for both natioHS íhould be fynonymous ; and alfo that the great foreft, in
the north of Britain^ ftiould be called Coed Celyddon^ the Wood of CovertSj or
the Shades.

t Lloegyr feems to be the nanie by which thofe new comers themfelvcs

called

BARDISM* XXlîr

îls beîng fettled by later colonies from Belgic Gdrw/j and thé
name extended, as the Cynmry retreated, or coalefced with
the new comers; and the iîöWtí:» conquefl: carried it much
farther ftill; fo that in the time of Llywarç it compre-
hended all South Briíain, except Cornzval/, PFa/es^ and Cum^
hria i and at this time Lloegyr implies England in gencral.
The fame may be faid of the Cynmry who fettled in Ireland
and Scoilandi for they loft their original appellation in both.
countries, when t;hey became a mixt people.*

The language of the Cynmry CBxrks in itfelf thc evidence
of being free from intermixture ; it being fo conftruded,
as not to affimilate with foreign words, except fuch as are
mere íìmple founds; and there could hardly be a cafe
where any of this defcription could be wanted; and if
words flioüld have been ádoptéd, they are very eafily dif-
criminated.-î- There are many traits in it, befides its rc-

gularity.

called their country; fpr it has not the appearance of being a Weljh word.
Compare it with tbe ancient Ligurians on the borders of Italy.

* The names of places in Ireland and Scotland^ when thofe that are Eng»
lijb are left out, are for the moft part ÌVelJh ; but the Irijh and Erfe dialeŵs,
originally one language, are compoui)ded of fome Weljh and more of
othei*s, fo as to bear not much greater affinity with the Wleljh^ than ît has
with the Latin or the Englijh, The Weljh^ Cornijh^ and Armoìic^ are only
different dialeéts of the fame language ; and a native of either coimtry can
converfe tolerably well with one of either of the other two ; but he cai^not
cven perceive the charaôer of his own language when he hears the Irijh
^ken.

t All compound words, in the Weljh^ are regularly formed from thofe
that are monofyllables ; and thofe again reducible. to clajfes of Jîmilar founds^
having n coincideme ofimport^ one with another ; as Pen, a head-^ Cen, the

b ^ tof^

gularity, that are ẅorthy of inveftîgationi and what ìs re-
marlcable, we muft attribute its formation to an agc now
deerafedj by the learned world, to have been involved in
barbarity. But beyond all doubt,^ there has been an era
when fcience diffuféd a light amongft the Cynmry^ greater
than will be now readily acknowledged, and that too in a
very earl^^^ period of ihe world,

To the period above-mentioncd we muft attribute the
Inftitution of Bardism,* amongft the Cynmryy a fyftem
embracing all the leading principles which tend to fpread
liberty,peace andhappinefs amongft mankind; andforthat
reafon, perhaps, too perfeftto be gençrally adopted by any
jiation, or body of people.-f

up; orfirjì 5 Nen, the top^ or what \s over headi Llen, a 'ueìl^ or coverìng ;
Lleen, a teacher^ or a man of learning; Rheen, a creator^ or one thatginfes
a begìnning, None even of this clafs are priníiitives, but compounded of
pY, Cy, Ny, Lly, Lle, and Rhe, with £n, a principìe^ or firfi caufe:
whence Enaid, the/oul, literally thc principle ofü/e; froni En, and Aid, li/e.

* By this is meant what is generally conceived amongft the Englijb of '
the term Druidi/m^ which is a mìftake, by giving the appellation of a parti-i
cular branch *íö thc whole of the order ; for as a matter of convenience an
appropriate Ŵ of Bards were diftìnguiftied by thc name of Dei-^ddon^ or
DruiJs^ to give notonety and difcriminate viíîbility to the religious func-
tionuries. It was difficultfor ftrangers to a^çid the miftake, for the Druids
miiil; api -ar to them as pri>,*fts iudcpendently of any other order; and as
fuch they wore the white garment, inftead of the unicoloured íky-blue,
which v\as thc ^cneral drefs of the Bards.

t Oii; '- ♦^empted to conclude, bs' comparing the whole together, how-
cve:- (ìníiv"L.k it inuy be to make it appear fatisfaélory, that the principles
arc iriimeciiai.lv derived from tht Paíriarchs ', for it is as rational to fuppofe
this, as that thc Cynmry had in any age the opportunity to zxúst graduaüf
zí a fiuíe of l;iiüvv l^dge, which could prç)duce fuch a fyftéoi,

What

BARDISM* 3CXT

: What may bc coîifidered as the fonndatîon of the Ordeç
was the doítrine of Unwerfal PeacCy and Good Will\ for fo
entirely was a Bard to be a votary to it, that he was never
to bear arms, or in any other manner to become a party ia
a difpute, either political or religious; nor was a naked
weapon even to be held in his prefence, for he was recog-
nifed as the facred Herald of Peace, under the titlë of Bardd
Tny$ Prydainy or Bard of the iíle of Britain.^ The refult of
this was that he could pafs unniolefted, from one hoftile
country to apother., where his charader was known ; an4
wheneyer he appeared in his unicoloured robe,^ by which

* The Beirdd Titys Prydain aflèrt that their Inílitution originated in Bri'*
fain ; from whcnce it was introduced inío G««/, Irtland^ and other couiw
tries, but with confiderabJe deviations from its original íimplicity, an4

purity. loLO 'MORGANWG.

The prefent vulgar acceptation of Bardd, whence the Englìjb Bard^ îa
íimply apoet. The literal meanìng of the word is, one that niaheth confpicu^
cus; and the idea intended to be conveyed is, a Teacher, or Fhilo/òpher;
ánd its import is well defíned in Mafin^s cçüthct'^ Majier of Wifdam. Verlc
being ^t mediíim by which the Bards conveyed their precepts to the peo-»
ple, they continued to cultivate Poetry after their power as a body was over-
turned, and hence the modern acceptation of their name.

f It was of flcy-blue, being their emblem of Peace and Truth. Thîs
colour is aífo the emblem of Peace amongíl the Nado^McJJèSy a people weft
pf the MiJ/ìJJìppii in America^ as Captain Car*ver fays. This author ùw
many things amongíl thofe Indìans^ furprifing to him, as being of European
origin; and he was told by them that there was a nation, to the weft of
them, *' who in fome degree cultivated the arts." The readeb may fmile
at this relatioa being int^raduced here ; but I have a colledion of evidence
which has been fufficient to convert as great fceptics as any that wiU fce
this, that that natlon is the U'Hyite Padoucas, known alfo to the Indian
traders by the name of the Ci<viìi%ed Indiansy and the Welfh Indians ; and
thatthey.do now aéìrually fpeák the Welsh Lanouage, Thefe peopleare'
tlie defçendants of the emigration uíidçr the çoudvi£t of Madog ah Owain
C^wjneddj m tjie year 1 179,

hQ

%

3:XVÎ ÌRARDISÌMr.'

he was known, attention was given to him on all occaíîons;
if it was even between armies in the heat of aftion, both
parties would inftantly defift ; * fo that the appcarance of
a Bard operated as the modernj?^^ of truce. His word was
to be credited, in preference to that of any other perfon
whatever.f

The next împortant objeft of the bardic Inftitution, was
the free inveftigation of all matters contributing to the at-
taînment of truth and wifdom, grounded upon the apho-

rifm-— ^^ COELIAW DIM, A ÇOELIAW POB PETH.*' 7ö bc^

iieve nothingj andto believe every thing; that is, to believe
cvery thing fupported by reafon and proof, and nothing
without. In addition to that the Bard was to be bold ixí
the caufe of Truth; for his motto was — " y gwir yn
ÍRBYN Y byd/' — The Truth in oppojition to the World.

Another maxim of the order was, the perfeÄ equality of
îts members, and of three branches, whereof it confifted,
cne with another. Each order was held in a peculiarity
of eftimation, though neither of them were intitled to fu-
periority, n©r any one deemed more intrinfically excellent
than the other. If with refpeö: to qualification for certain
ofEces one was deemed inferior, it was in other particulars

* But we íhall not infîft that it wa» the efFeél of the harmony of the lyres,
or the flowing numbers, that cahned the fierce refentment ftruggling in
their breafts, as Diodot-us Siculuf conceived; but it was in confequence of
general laws of warfere, common in ali ages.

t Qair ei air ev ar bawb.

allowed

nllowed to be fuperior; fo that coníîdered in thc whole,
each of the orders were equally honourable.

The publicity of their adions was alfo a leading confi-
deration amongft the bards; for all their meetings or Gor'-
feddauy were held in the open air, on a confpicuous place,
whilft the fun was above the horizon ; as they were to per-
form every thing in îhe eye ofthe light^ andin theface ofthefun.*
The place was fet a part, by forming a circle of ftones, with a
lárge ftone in the middle, befide which the prefiding Bard
ftood. This was termed Cylç Cyngrair, or the Cirde of Fe^
deration ; and the ftones with which it was formed were
called Meini Gwynion, Meini Cyngrair^ or Meini Crair; and
the middle ftpne, Maen Gorfeddy Maen Llôg^ and Crair Gor-
fedd. At thefe Gorfeddau it was abfolutely neceíTary to re-
cite the Bardic Tíraditions ; and with this whatever came bc-
fore the meetings was confidered and determined upon,

* Yn wyneb haul a Uygad goleuni, or, Yn llygad haul ac wyneb goleunt;
The înfluence of this maxim is feen in the poetry of the Weljh, Thu$ U^
B, Moç^ a bard of tl;^e twelfth century begins one of his poems—
Gwr a wnaeth Uewyç oV gorllewin,
Hauly a lloer addoer, addev ieíin,
A'm gwnel radd uçel rwyv c^'^yçwin;
Cyvlawn Awen, awydd Vyrddin,
I ganu moliant, mal Aneurin gynt,
Dydd i cânt Ododin.
Him that made refleélion, blufliing from the wefl;,
The fun, and chilling moon, in fplendid orbs,
I crave to grant me th' intelleétual light ;
That flowing mufe which glow'd in JMfyrddìn^s lays,
Or like Aneurin^ when ofancient times
He fang the fam*d Gododin.

Thc

j^XVÎU BARPISMf

The Bards at thofe places, and pn all occaíions whçre they
afted officially, wore unicolçurçd robes.

HaYÌng exhibitcd the leading maxims on which Bardîftn
was eftabUíhed, it may be proper, in the next place; to
give an infight into thç Tenets of its Religion. In this
rçfpedt the Bards adhered to, or departed from, their ori-»
ginal traditions, only according to theevidcnce that might
te acquired from timç to time, in úíúrjearch afíer Truih.
Puring the primitive, or pagan tinies, if that term may be
applied, the opinions of the Bards had a very great affinity
^yith the patriarchal religion; and which,withgreat proba*
bility, we may conclude, was the fountain from whencq
they flowçd. Such being the cafe, they could not be dif-
qualified of being the minifters of the Chriftian difpenfa-,»
tion^ or any other appearing to them well founded ; for thc
continuation of the Inftituiion did npt depend upon thç
promulgation of certain articles of faith, but upon its own
feparate principles of focial compaâ:, that arc bcfore men-
'tioned, •

The Bards have at ali times efpoufed the facred dodrîne
of a belief in one God, the Creator, and Governor of the
Univerfe, and pervading all fpace, of whom the idea of a
locality of exiftence was deemed unworthy.* Their con-
ception of his divine narure is fundamentally and compre-
henfivcly explained by tl\e following bold and remarkable

* Amongft the names of the Deity, that are older Ithan the introduc-
tion of Chriílianity, the foUpwing may be rectoaed: Duwy Decn^ DovydJ^
Tr Hên Ddihenydd^ Celì^ Jír^ Peryv^ Rh'éen^

aphorifm—

BARDISM* XXlt

apliorifm — ^Nid Dim ond Duw, nid Düw ond Dim.—
GoD cannoi be Matter, and what is not Matter muft bê
GoD.

They taiight that thisWorld was to be ofpermanentdu-
ration ; but fubjeft to a fucceffion of yiolent revölutions,
which would be produced, fometimes by the predomìnat-
ing power of the elcment of water, and fometimes of that
of fire.

The bardic doâjincs concerning the Soul werc — ^that ît

pre-exifted, in a ftate of gradual adyancemeHt by tranfmi-

gration, and that it was immortal. But with refpeét to

fome of the leading traîcs of their ideas on this fubjeâ:

there was a yeiy ftriking peculiarity; which, confiftent

with íhe brcYÌty that is carefully adopted, we íhall endça-

vour to define, Thc whole animatcd creation, they faid,

originated in the loweft point of exiftence, evil in the e^-

treme, and arrived, by a regular train of gradations, at the

probationary ftate of hmnanity ; and thofe gradations were

alî neceflarily evil> but more or lefs fo as they were re-

moved from that firft fource. In the ftate of humanity

gocd and evil were cqually balanced, and confequently it

was a ftate of liberty ; in which if the aftions and condu£]t

of the agent preponderated to evil, death gave but an aw-

ful paífage, by which he returned to animal life; in acon-

dition below humanity ecjualto the degree of turpitudehc

had debafed himfelf with in his former ftate' of probation ;

and if his life was defperatçly wicked, it was poffiblc for

Jìitn to fall to his original vilenefs, or that ioweft point of

€x}ftence, and a renewal of his former progreffion through

brutal

XZX BA^DlSM.

brutal anitnatîon took place ; and thîs was his deftiny, äS
often as evil had the afcendancy in his ílate of triaL If,
on the other hand, good was predominant in the heart of
man, death was deemed a welcome meffenger to conduâ:
him to a more exalted condition; whcre he was ftill pro-
greffiye; but he was then removed beyond the^influence
of evil, or the danger of falling, into a ftate neceffarily
good. Eternìty being what a finite being could not pof-
lìbly endure, there he paffed from one gradation to another
by a kind of renovation, without being deprived of thc
confcioufnefs of hís prior conditions, for that would be
liext to annihilation. He might return to a ftate of fecond
manhood, yet without thc poffibility of evil having again
the afccndancy, confequently the return of fuch a benign
foul was confidered a bleffing to the world.

There is hardly a neceffity of obfervìng that the bardic
ftietempfychofîs was an incitement to good morals, and no-
ble aétìons 5 but it had a peculiar tcndencyj that deferves
to be noticed. This was, the reftraint, which in a great
degree it laid the bards under, of not killing animals ;
though it did not extcnd, as with the Bramins, to a direft
prohibìtion of depriving any creature of life j on the con-
trary, it was aìlowable to deftroy thofe which dircAly, or
eventually, naight caufe the death of man ; confequently
moft forts of land animals might be killed 5 but the whole
tribe of fiíîies was confidered as not affefting, nor to bc
affeded by the human oeconomy.* That ftate of univerfal

* The hiftory of the deluge has fomethîng that feems to fupport this
idea; for we find that the fiíhes were not dcftroyed. To which may bç
added| they were not allowed in facrificc$.

lvarfarc, in whîch all animatcd nature feems to be învolved,
was not looked upon as a curfe; on the contrary the Bards
could furvey the fcene with more complacency thaa
others ; for in it they perccived the goodnefs of Provi-
dence, haftening the changes neceíTary to produce a morc
glorious exiftence.*

Propitiatory facrificc was a part of the bardîc relígion,
as it feems to have been of moft others, whether purc or
corrupt, that have been in the world.-f

* One îs induced to think that Taîìefin entertained thís opinidny wliea
he compofed his poem on his tranimigrationSy wherein the foUowing pa£>
íàge occur s

** Mewn boly tywyll i'm tywalltw}-s,
** Mewn mof dyJan i*m dyçwelwys;
'* Bu gôelvain i'm pan ym cain vygwys,
" Duw Arglwydd yn rhydd a'm rhyddâwys/'
•* Ipto a dark receptacle I was thrown,
** In thc laving ocean I was òverwhelmed ;
** It was to me tidings of gladnefs when I was happíly fuffocated,
** God the Lord from confinement fet me free."
t Thc human facrifices were criminals, to appeafe divîne juftice. Theft
yìâims are ílill devoted, perhs^s in greater numbers, Jn Limdon^ and other
great towns. But moíl authors have always unaccountabty added the epU
thet horridto thofe druidícal facrifices, whenever they have had occafion to
ittcntion them, feemingly without ever thinfcíng of its propriety or othei*-
wîfe.

A curious fpeciìiìcn of thofe ancîent facrifíces is ílill praâifed ia fomd
parts of Wales. When a yiolent difeafe breaks out amongft the horned
cattle, the farmers of the diftriét where it rajges join to give up a bullock for
a vidim, which is carried to the top of a precipice, from whence it is throwa
down. This îs called— -" Bẃrw caeth i gythrauL"-*** Cafting a capCîve
tothedevil/'

The

I

The foregoing may fuffice to givc an idea oF iht tëtti
dency of the religious eftabliíhment of the Bards, with re-t
fpeft to its more minute precepts, and its confequent influ-
ence upon their moral inftitutes; and which, there is great
prcfbability, was preferved unpolluted^ at lcaft^ lintil the
ftream of idolatry, following thc courfe of the Roman arms^
bore ftrongly upon them. That the Britons had, notwith-
ftanding the purity of the bardic fyftem, many degrading
fuperftitions, and abfurd cuftoms, none will thinlc of con^
trovcrting; butwemay fairly infift, that very ílight de-
pendance ought to be placed in the relations of foreign
ftuthors, with regard to any matters befide mere fimple
faéls» It was from the oftcnfible àggfegate of the manners
and cuftoms that ftrangers have delineated the commUnity
under the influence of bardifm ; but undoubtedly they
were no more adequate to define that code, in its genuine
fimplicity, froni fuch a fourcc^ than a perfon ignorant of*
the Chriftian religion would bé able to give thè tíuths oí
Rcvelation, from the defultory obfervations he might make
on a tour through fome countries of modern Europe. It
is one of the moft remarkable circumftances in thc hiftory
of the fFelJh that, through the Ìong and dark âges of Po^
pifti fuperftition, the Bards rètained the Chriftian religiorl
in its original purity and fimplicity, on all occafions ex*.
pofing the depravity, and abfurdity of the times* Numr
bcrlefi inftances of this could be produced froni thcif
poetical pieccsof all ages, {iom Taliejín in the fixth centurỳ^
down to the Reformation; and for that reafon they in-^
curred the hatred of the priefts and monks, in the higheft:
degree, and on whom^ în return, Myrddin^ the Galedoniaf^
Bard, pafled the foUowing cenfure— *

** Mynaiç

I

BÁÌíDtilltt. Mxxnì

^ Myriaiç geüáẅg^ bwydiawg, ffẃyduiJ*

** The lying, gltmofidD^^ äaé ẁicked monks.''

A reporti bÌghly favoufable tò thc ftate öf íearnîíig
ámongft tfie fVe//f:) might bc given from thê poetry pî
the feveräl Bards whô íloUriílled iii thcfixth centuryi of
Mèugant \xi the fcventhí Eláetbi anâ Llevoed in fhè cigbth;
end the Laẅs of Ifywel in thc ninth ccntury, Deftruŵioa
of matìufcripts leaVês ä cohfideràWe blank ín the hîftory of
our poetrÿ afîtírwál'ds, tiU thc eleventh ceiíturŷî änd tbcn
ẅc are fortunatc ío find a Mèilyr, and his fon Gwalfmail
ìtí tbc twdfth ihe lift bccomes numérous, and amongft
ttëfe ẃ€ iẅuftdiftìngüiíh CyHddelw} to ŵhom thc monfcs of
TJirdd MAr^ell fent a dŵputation, whcn íie ẁas on hi$
deatii-béd j to iofornl hîm hë fliould riot bave Chrîftian bu-^
rial. Th^ repört tìlight bc continüed wíth great advaiitage
tbrough the thirteenth, and following ccnturics, becaufe
toore of ifec wrîtings of thofe agés are prefervcd.* The

Bard«

* Theíre is á, paíTage of fo läuch ÿanìdíeur òf d^reflioh íri íhé wŵrfeäf of
Cafnodynỳ who flourtíhcá about the year 130Ó, that I cannot avok| fraçi:*
fcribing ît, as a ípécîmétí of the poŴerá of the language-^ ,

Pan wnêl Duẃ ddafigaẁs â Ỳaran^

Dỳddẁyrè dy daerad árnán ;

Dyçfytì twryy to'riroedd yn ebaii,

Dỳçyrç hyntf dyçre gŵynt gwacddvari ;

Dyçyiìì'mriw tòn amliw am4àD;

fcyçymmef uveliar iŵ kárn,

Byçrys gẃrys gẃrôé fariddç aBaÔ^
Wléri 60Ü Ihaií reveal his cctotìtençricé,
Tbe houfe of earth ẁill líphft ttfelf ovcr uí *
A pantc ôf tíie noîíé òf lcgions itì flie c^âfliâl^
Wiü urje ön ŵc Ẁ^t j Üar&íy Ŵe íbrill.yoiccd wînd wUÍ caÜ;

^ Thc

xxxW !barüi»m«

Bards nöt only oppofed the ignorance of thofe darfc
periods, but tlieir works difcoYer more marks of geniu3,
learning, and elegance, by far, than is to be found ia the
compofitions of later ages, when the bardic fyílem becamc
negleéled.

What now remains to be înveftigated is the difcîpline of
the Bards, or that praítical part of their philofophy which
regulated the fociety. The bardic inftitutes, as wdl as
every branch of fcnowledge appertaining to the fyftem,
were retained wholly by tradition, in aphorifms, poems,
and adages of a peculiar caft.* There were indeed writ-
ten mémorials, but their ajuthority was not deemed equal
to the plan which they adopted,and for thatreafon norefe-
rence was ever made to them. The fîrft thing taught to
difciplcís were thofe traditions, comprehending the infli-
tute^, maxîms, rudiments of language, laws of verfe, and
íuch kînd of fcnowledge as refpefted the organization of
the order.'f' Traditions of perfons fet apart for the ftudy,

and

The motley-tinted wave will lave with foamy rage around the fliorc,
The glancing ílame wiU take to itfeJf the vengeance of juftice,
Recruited by the heat of contending fires, ever breaking out.
* Thefe were fo far from being any thing like aB.nigmatical or obfcure^
as fome have fuppofed, that they were juft the rçverfe ; and thcre is hardly
fuch a thing even as a figurative exprelfion to be found in any of thc
traditions.

f It is from thofe traditions that the prefent lketch of bardifm is formed,
wherein is given the general fçope of them ; and which I have avoided
drawing to fuch length as the materials would require, tp give a compleat
elucidation of them, as not neceiFarÿr to the prefent purpofe. With reípeifl

f

and eóntinuatípiv,of çhem/ were^píefenred^tiC) letterç/aâ be^^
ing* íóííer gjdäTdcd againftiimpofition^ by Gpmir^g more im-
mediately iindet the nötice, and cognizance q£ tbe peoplc
at large. Of the methods of preferving thefe, the moft,
important one was their being recited at every Gorfeddy or
meeting, by which all became âCqüainted with them, till
they were fo rooted in the public memory, as never to bc
liable to undergp any. alteration. Oral tradition, accord-
ing to that plan, is more open to thé world at large than
written memorialsj confequentIy more out of tbc reach of
perveríìon and innovation. The memory, the more it is
exetcifedy becômes proportionably ílrengthened and im-
proved ; whereas thçfe who truft to boplcs never cxert that
feculty, and in a íhort timc fp far forget their fübjeft, as
not to be able to fee whcn, and where impoíition intrudes.
Where a greater dependance is laid on writings than tra-
dition, boaks of diftant placcs^ or ages, wiU be admlttcd
as -authorities, when their authenticity bas not becn provcd;
and it may be imppíTible to bring any kind of proof for,
or againft them ; but this.cannot be the cafe with a. na-
tipnal tradition, when through all the territories of that
natipn there are men fet apart. to ftudy, ,guard, and
continue them, by public, and frequent pcriodical re-
cital. So very tenacious werc' the Bards of guarding
them from perverfion, impofition, and oblivion, that no
verfes, or poems whatfoever, relative to the fyftém, were

to the traditions themfelvés, as onc of the order I feel a pi'openílty (a par-»
donable one I hope) in common with a few remaining members, to pre-
ferve amongft ourfelves undifclofed, except at a Gor/eddy thofe veiy curious
remàins, as an inŵtement to preíerve the lyílem.

c 2 allowed

ailowed to be fprcad abroàd, wiîhout being previouíly ex^
amined, and approved of publicly zt z Gorfeddy hy being
recîted by thc Dadgeiniaid, or reciters, in the hearing
ofall.

The Bards were dÌYÌded înto thrce eírential claffes, the
Bardd Bäaint, Derwydd, and Oyydd. But before
we procecd to explain thediftinftions of thefe, it is rcqui-
lîte to takc notice of thc Awenÿddion, or difciples;
whom it may be propcr to confidcr as a fourth clafs. The
Awenyddion wore a varîcgated drefs of the bardic colours,
bluc, grcen, and whítc. To be admitted into this clafs,
the fìrft rcquifitc was unimpcachccl morals ; fof it was in-
difpcniàbly ncccfiary that the candidate (bould above ali
things bc ŵ good man. Hc was feldom initiated into any
thîng confidcrablc until his underftanding, afieâions, mo-
rals, and principlcs ín gcnçRal bad undergonc feverc trials.
His palEons and facultics wcrc elofely obfervcd, and exer-
cifed, when he was leaft aware of it; at all times, in all
places, and on cvery occafion poffible, thcre was an cye,
iid from his obfcrvation, continüaUy fixt upon him; and
from thc knowlcdgc thus obtaincd of his hcad and heart,
and in íbort his vcry foul ferutinîzcd, an eftimate was madc
of his princîples and roenfal abiÙties; and agrecable to thc
approbation given, and in the manner, and degrcc thoughc
moft proper, he was initiated into thc myftcríes, and ín-
ftruûcd in the doélrîncs of Bardifm. During his proba-
tionary ftate of difcipline he was to learn fuch verfes and
adages as containcd the maxims of the inftitution, and to
tompofe others himfclf, on an]^ relative fubîeft, doébinal
or riioral.

The

:;ThcBAÄi>EfBRAîîKT wasj:l>qjjrlç of tlic corporatc der
jgfcd> Qr fundamcníRl claís of , tbe order.* Nonc could bç
tdlẁîtted to this degrcc .wicl>out. haying undcrgync thc r^>
gùíar difcipIinjB, amongft thc yíw«jiẅ». ^jHç .^fV: aftcf
prefiding aic thrce Gor/^d^u^ dcnfOminated one ojfthç, ,Gor4
/iáäogi^n^Ỳ ^^^ bccanie fuUy q,ualified tò exerfifc all thc
fui^âioné of Bardifm; for it was as of tjbiis^ dcgrecj^ aod
chailLâ^r^: to wbich. was annexçd a pienitude of .pawcr adc^
qti3fe to atl theí^purpöfcS'Of thc inftitutbn, th« the chicf
Bárd alw^ys : fitp^dtd. Hc coald prpclaim, land hold a
Gorfeddy admiíidifoiplçsfj uid Qvyädío^ ; was capible of bc*
ifig e|i:^lQycd in dmbaífics^ in the oSÌGe of herald; and to
imliniŵ yc^lhiiri Ŵ^ principle$jìf rcligioîi and moraiity. It
faas bccaKlrcady f^^^^hat a Bar4 coold nor be^Dî arms^ /as
he wŵ the 'hcFal^ of pf^acc; h^was alfa ta obíèrye' thç
^ìòÿi inW&JaWc'/ẅçrefy/^ii ajj; ocça(icfn»^ bç^%yrpm Éuch
parties as engagcd him in confidential oíHces ; neither was .
he to cfpoufcapy.partiçuliar jjtarty^ ia religion, or in politics,^
âsr bcîiig inconfiô:ent withhisjẃaraâier» Th^ Bardd Braint^
»0 all cu^cáíîŵẁi wẁcre hc »a»d öftcially, wore^^ tfecí ùmeo^
loured rôbe of íky-blue, whrch was tKc diftiîiguîîhing dreft
of thc order, being emblematrc of Peacc, and alfo of
Trutb, fronií haying no varicty of colours,

Thc Perwyddon, or Druidsy% wcre fuch of thc Bards;
óf cithcií of tÜé orders, of Bardd Etàint^ or of Ovyddyúí2it

wcrc

^ A gnáúatèoí dás elafs wa3 aifo caUcd .£ẃ'^i/ ^mìy^ddèJamjg^ mé
^r^dJeda'wg Braint. •

fî Or B€tìndâ^^fiddü<wg^ or fimply Seìrdd Tnys Prydain,
I CaUed alTo I>er'wyddvcirddj or Druid pards^ and in the íingular

C J ' Deriiydd^

is:xxvni ìardîsM.

ẅere fct apart to, or employfed^'pecutîárîf' în thc^X«rEife
of relîgîoús funâiions ; and long iíftẃ'<HëŵnVdrfion^ofth$
"Briíons to Chriftiànity the minifters of ì*eligion wefce calléd
by this térm j ^notwithftanding they îhaí been for k^*á^' thiç
J)agan príefts; but pagarís we 'èaríŴräly call thöfe, 'wht)
worlhipped the 'true Gòd. in ÌTirfi^íMty^ • Tbèreforelét
îiiot the piöus bc álarrrted^à't thé idea oí Drmdifin Béin^
ftiU aîive in this ìfí2Lnd;^bútìëì}'h\mekáẀtnë^^
and he ẃill ifînd that thé 5Ŵ/>^ •pátnlréfel ie^iorí
rnôré than thaf of iSTödíi^, ov 'oí Abraljathl înîŵicaíl' tŵiCäŵiP*
tîäníty,' There is irí Druidífin, ahJ hô lefs irí C?hriftkh)ty;
ẁhat feems extremelý repugríant to ttíé'^ríiaẃnéfíy^íáiíd^i^eil
tlie religion'of this áge-^à-''feverël ìríẄ0xíiblèí fríŵaiity;
Though the D^ŵ^^tí? ŵai^méré fHe(!ûlìà%'; Y^t^ihe wa.s not
excluíîvêly' the mi'nifter of Télîgîbrí; for k\íë-'Èäfdd Bi'tíim[
ánd even'thé'ŵ>rfí/>' miglit-offitiâie äs futií; 'afterí bëing

■ ' ' ■ • 't ' '- ■ ' ■ • '■ ' ■ <-'- ^ :'• I ,*'! ':-'", ■ ' ■.:■:■■:? ':í: :;; ": \

Detvvyddf 2iná Det^ddvardd, The'"ẅohi J[>^'U^Ŵimplieá, ẃ«ír.j/?/^i^^ç/ih^
or in prefence, I àm aware fome hâVé' rendered ît Oat-ẁatpi bût thai oak
«ras caUed D^rw for th^fame reèfon as thp prieftiw^ cailed Dernxyäd\'^&i^
^ts being deemed confecrated wood, and both,derived from Dâr. ,

* Amongft the bulk of the people there were certainly many fuperftitious
cuftoms; and on the introduélion of Chriftianity not many of them 'were
cxploded, for a great number remain to this day; btit 'if there ẁere ány
corrupt principles mixt with the bardic fyftem, they were purged at that
pççiod. ;^ ■'-■A "• . X /■ ■•'* ' «. j.'

** It is remaritable that: fome of thofe places ẁhich we call. Druìdical
** Temples, retain in their names, and other circumftances, evident mafts
•* of their having been places of Chriftian woríliip. Such is Carn Moefen^
♦* or the Carnedd of Mofesy in GlamorganJhire\ Carny Groes^ on the moun-
f^ tain of G^lfy Onèn in th& fáme.oounty , whete a vûry aacientlorofs ftamls ;
♦♦ TyIlltud^\nBrecûnJhire^?LTiàmmy oÚítTs'' /a. . '^

. '^ EbfWAÌD WrLLIAM|.

connrnlcd

I

BARDISM. XXXII

confirmed by reception into the order, at a Gorjedd. Therò
was no fuperiority attached to the order of Derwydd; it
was only a peculiar olficiality, for 'which the others wërê
deemed equally qualified; and indeed, to be a Derwyddìt
of neceffity implied that he was a Bardd Braint; but, as a
matter of convenience, the religious eftabliíhment was
allotted to an appropriate . fet of Bards, diftinguiíhed by
that name, to give notoriety, and difcriminâte vifibility to
their fünótion^ The drefs of the Derwydd was white, the
emblem of Holinéfs, and peculiarly of Truth, as being the
colour of light, or the fun, The Derwydd was exempted
from fome offices, that were incumbent on each of the
òthers, In hîm fanélity of life, and celebrity for wifdom
wére rccommendatory qualifications always looked for ; hc
was moft imtnediately the inftruftor of youth; and was,
frotn the neceffary obligátions of his office, the reíiden*
ciary Bard of his diftriâ:, an obligation which the others

did not lie under.

■ > . ... - . , .

The OvŸBD was the third order, beifig an ho'norary de-
gree, to which the candidate could be immediately admit-
ted, without bèing obliged to pafs through the regular dif-
cipline. Thisdegree, in every circumftançe of its pecu-
liar inftitution, appears to be intended to creáte a power
that was capable of afting on emergencies, on a plan dif-
ferent from the regular mode of proceeding, as well as of
bringing within the fyftem fuch kind of knowledge as was
unknowi), or foreign to the original inftitution. The re-
quifite qualifications were, in general, an acquaintance
with valuable difcoveries in fcience^ as the ufe of let-*

*C4 ters/

icrs,* medicîne, languẁgps, and the lîkej and it was äo»
an ejáfy thing, even in thi» ordcr, to difpcnfe with tha
lcnowledgc of, and agenius for, poctry; but tbisonparticiN
lar occafions might be done, in eonfideration of other çmi-?
nent qualificàdons ; for this ordcr was a provifionary one, fof
the purpofe òf admîtting into thc hardic fyftcm, ina rtgm
lar tnanôíîr, every thing ufeful, and laudablc in fciciKíe«
The OvydJ was, however, enjoihcd to ac^uaint hia)íelf
with.tbè bardic inftltutcs and traditions; for, f/íoto ftverail
contingencies, it ẃäs poffible that ihe order> òr itiftftutii:n)ji»
might be perpctuated only by Ovyddion; which ÌD it^ Ori^
ginal purity^ it could not be done^ unlcfs thcy wcre ac*
quaintçd with its true príncjple, natiire, and îẃteiition« Ic
was dcemcd morc honourablc tö be admittcd into the òr«
ders by baving becn firft admiteedan Ouyddiẁeín by goiiig
through a long difcipline, at leaft fuch an tdca nôw pre^
vails* Tbe Ovydd çould eltercife äll the fùáétioás 0f Bar«^

* Somc bavc ignorantly aflferted that thc Bards, or Dniids^ wcrc cncmies
to the uíe of letters j but there îs cvery reafon to beli«vç that they Vtry
feadily admitted, and praélifed the ufe of tbemf ^ fpon as they werc
brought fujly acquainted with theîr nature and utility. For the Ouyäd
was received on no other quälification, but that of having thé kneẁlèdg6 oí
letters, and the fciences dependant thereon. In addition it rnay be òblëWéd
tbat thcir original alphabçt is ífili extant, which nnay be confidcrcd a ▼cry
grcat curipíìty. It contains thirty-fîx letters, fixte(en of which arc radical,
and the reíl are mutations of thofc; and it is the only pne adeqviatç to con*
vey all tlie founds of the /^ÿi' language without ufing doublç charaílers.
It is fiögular that the bardic:^î^lphabet íhould confain all th/t Etru/can\xt^
ters, witbout the leaíl deviatidi|t of form, except foi^r or fivc in the lältei^
that ^c Roman, Befides the ufc of btters^ the Bards wcre ac|:iiít(Mnéd to
record thcif maxims by means of univerfal fymbols, withoift any appro-
pfiate charaâçrs, The IníSan Wamfum feems tç be pn tbis principle.

difm;

àafm^» and by (otAe partioubt aâs he became incitled, bf
virtue of having performed them, to other degrecá, afttr
fuch ads had bcen acquiefced in by a Gorfedd. It iS a re-
Geived opinion tbat fbe Bards, in the charaftfer, aad böîng
of the x>fder of Ouydd, may bold a Cadair^ or íübordiiiate
|CQvincial meecing, «nder coyeri or within doon^ Tite
drefs of the Ouydd was green, the fymbol of I^rrltng, aad
alfo of Truth, from being unicoloured. The candidate fŵ
thts order wa^ elè<%ed at a Gür/eddy ón the preViòus retídm-
mendütion of a graduated Bard of any of the (hree wdera;
whò mìght írDm hîs own knowkdge deälare that Whom bt
pròpolìed was duly qualìfìed. If die candìdate was hot
ÌLssẁfm Xù 3, Bard) the recommeiidation of a jüdge, or rúä^
giâratè^ or òf twelve reputable men, líoiild conftitute biúa
% caAdidste, ort which he was iounediately ele&ed, by
CûéHrem, or foallot^ But if it ever hàppctìed that tbe nwh**
bcr of Bards was.nbt fufficieüt to eled, then any ônè (ff
thci order might arbttraifily admit thret, who Wetè th&re^
ppòn demed fínaily graduatech No more thin (brtfc
touid be adnaitted ih úás manneri for that was a fufficîent
oumbèr topíoceed by efeélion, ín the rcgular way ; hecaufe
arbitrarjr prroeedings could not be fudlTered, bnt wbere the
number was iníidequate to aft otherwife, and cofiíeciuentlîif
a matter of neçeffity, Proclamation was another way of
admiffion to chc degrfee . of Ovyddi that is, it ẁaS pwJ*-
claimed at a Gúrfidd, thot a perfoa of a c^rain name^
place, and quaÜfìcatiaii^ was, on fpecified rfCôi Hmeadŵ "
tion^ pitçofed as a candìdâte i dnd ihat at a eertain füture
period, not lefs than a wholc year, he was to be admitted
to tlm degree; *afd if na ch}6&ioìik wac> duiing tha(

timci,

i

X\n BARDISir.

titne, brought againft him, he was confidcrcd to bc gn^
duatcd.

Having taken a fummary retrofpeâ: of thc peculiar rc-
gulations aíTeéting the diffcrent orders fcparately, fomc
obferyations are necefîary in regard to others that appcf^
tain to the fyftem in general. ' \ •

Each of the ordcrs had a peculiarity of eftimation, yct
neither was hcld to be more intrinfically exccllent than the
other. If with refpeft to qualifications for ccrtain ofEci-
olitics one was dcemed infcriory it was in othcr particulars
flllowed to be fuperior; fo that confidered in the wholc
tlicy werc equally honourable. Thus BarJd Braint /wsis
pcculiarly thc ruling order, DerwyJd xhc religious func-
tionary, and the Ovydd was the litcrary, or fcientific ordcr.
This idea of equality wais prcferved with the utmoft punc-
tuality in all their formulas of difcipline. In thcir tîtlcs,
thc Bards obferved the order of thcir graduation, addîng
to cach the words — " According to the immunities, and
** cuftoms of the Bards of the ifle of Britain'^* By this
Mcans fuch titlcs were a hiftory of thcir manncr of admif-
fion; as —

BarddBraint, Bard of Prefidency;

Bardd a Derwydd, Bard and Druid ;

Baìrdd ac Ovydd, ^ Bard and Oyate ;
Bardd, Ovydd, a Dcrwydd, Bard, Ovate, and Druid j

^ ^* Wrth mint (yn mraiiÿt) a dcvawd Bcirdd Ynys Piydain.''

Bardd,

BARDISAC xlUÌ

•Êarddÿ Def^yydd, ac Ovydd, Bard, Druid, and Ovate;
Ovydd> Bardd, a Derwydd, Ovate, Bard, and Druid;
OVydd, Derwydd, a Bardd, Ovate, Druid, and Bard*

•' THe mannej of attaining to any particular degree waa
thus: ìfûn'Oyydd'had been admitted by a Bard, or procla-
inatiön had been made of any one being a candidate for
•this, or any other order, fuch a candidate was called
Ovy(ld f or BardClaimant^ or Prefumptwe Bard;^ and he was
'intitled after fuch proclamation to all paffive privileges of
the order, but not to aft officially until he had been coh-
firmed in his degrees by a Gorfsdd. That fanftion being
'obtained, hé could perform all the ads and funftions of
•dieíorder; and virtually became intitled to that particular
ídegreie incidental to the officialities which he executed : By
-ôfficiatingas Derwydd, after a certain time he became of
tbatdegree; by prefiding at 3, Oor/edd he became, what
iprefidency impUes, a ŵr^^ fir^7/Vi/; by admitting, and af-
íer canfiraiatioh of an Ouydd^ he became intitled to that
>degrce, if he was not fo before. Such proceedings are
deduced from this general rule — ^That a graduated Bard
icxccuting any of the officialities of the inftitution, after the
acquiefcence of a Gorfeddj became intitled to the degrees
iricîdent tó, and implied by fuch officialities.

The 'principle on which they áaed for perpetuatîng thc
inftitotion was' — ^That three, or more Bards could admit
fc^elcdîon; bv)t if there fliould be only one remaining, he
-coüld perform arbitrarily all officialitics tiU three had becn

>. * *♦ Ovjrdd (Bardd) yn mraint hawl ac arddeL'*

bjr

A

3ÌRç AARDrdÜ^

bf hittl aàiftitteá* ^ìk9 defìçîchcy being fupt>liöá, Ärfefc
trarjr power ceáítd» ánd áll waç tò go on regúlarly. Tvo
remaining Bards could only aâ! by proclanfiation; for be>
tween two there could be no majority, or cafting voice;
and onc could not aft arbitrarily, becaufe therc was ano-
tdier oppofîng powct" of éqiíal authoritỳ. The proclamá*»
tionwás thereforeari appeal, or reference to piŵHc opi«*
siion, and to that ci'iginal âuthority from which the inftliv
iTUtioh was firft dêrivéd; and the acquiefcence of thfc pubv
Kc, in bringing no objeŵions to the propofais of fiith pro«-
ckunation, cohftitüted tbe legality of any a£b dóne> rn cofir
requence of its having been propofed in the ndtice. It is
ailoẅed that^ for moft reafoins^ it would be beft âlíb fbìr òhe
ÿémáining Bard to a& by proclamation^ rather than aiv
bitrarily; and that this methòd ftiould be pi^fenJed cvéii
to deâioti, as coming more innfiediately undef tfaecò^i)-
^Ance of the public; butit is evident that> Ì0 fomé age%
t^e ittftitution could hQver háve beén perpetuated bý fiach
proceedings, and wotdd lòng ago have becooae extînŵ»
from oppofition of vulgar prejudice. All thefe modès,
liave been pmftifedy and each has its própriety under cckv
tain circundbauicei ; hut wben all tliings will admie» it ìs
dewned beft to recor to that authority ŵhida fiijft efta*
bliftied the inftituiion^ the general confént obtainéd bý
Tirtue of a proclamation ; the next is the bardic eleftion
at a Gorjedd; and whcR' occafion calls fer it, thè arbîtrary
luimHIion is purely confiftent with a provifionáry ma^ini^
fbr çreatîiig a no^eflary, and for that reáfon a legal^ poweif;^
to eíreâ: what is bóneíicial, at a time when no othev aütho^
rity exîfts, to recur to on immediate emergencies. The
wbîtrary aft^ of a Bard," ftrch as ÄdmiflSon of án Ovydd^ or

. any

BAltBlSM. Ì^

äny thing elíe, were <ìone in coiifequenee of a foppofed^ or
implied deciiion of the Bards at a Gorfeddj esil^iag in,^
neeeflary fiftion to fanôion an arbitrary adt not otherwiíè
allowed. In this fiâìon ŵey always exift ; they may bc
Yifible, but cannot be virtually extinft; for riie utility,
and principles of their infti^utien exift in nature. Haat
being the cafe, the ofiìciating agents of thofe principles are
rather dormänt than extind; and to be called into aâìoa
by proclamatioi).

The regular manner of qualifying ultîmately, or gra-
duating a Bard, is by giving him a Gorfedd, or Cadairi
that is by including him in the number, whiŵ muft be
tSiree at leaft, of prefîding Bards, at a Gorfedd. Amongft
thc numbcr mentioned in the proclamation, it is aot poffi-
ble to^ know, from any thing in the words or form of ît,
which are the old Bards, and which ihe newly admitted, a9
tfeere is nothing in the bardic regulations that can intitlç
any one to take precedency of anoxher; and to. prefide at
a Gorfedd is only pcrforming the neceífary ofla.çialities of
the ŵicafion, which might be donc by any othcr Bard.pie-
fent with eqüal propriety. Neithcr ìs it ncc^ary that tbe
prcfiding Bards ftiould punftually be thofe mentioned în
the proclamation, or that they íhould be vifibly prefeatj
for they arc virtually, or reprelcntatively îo^ z^ wdl as ali
the Btirdd Tnys Prydaitu Thus to obtain the degíte to
which one was admitted by gíving him prefidency, k Wŵs
not neceflTafy he íhould be prefept; for tbcre was notbing
implied as an aŵ of hís owftji iù his lí)eii3g^ or nqt \m^^
prçfentin perfon. The íbJc iattóntioo of gWing hini pi^
ẁieöcy was to announce himŵ thcẁtds^ alL virt»aUy pre-

fent

i

fent, and to the public> as of the partlcular ordèr to which;
he was admitted*

The r-egular timeô pf holding a Gor/eddy or meetîng,'*
were the two folftices, and equinoxes; fubordinate meet-
ings might alfo be held every new and fuU moon, and alfo
at the quarter days, which were chiefly for ínftruâ:ii)g dif-
ciples. The regular meetings were fuppofed to be well
known, with refpeét to time, and place ; foi; there were
appointed places, as well as times.f Irregular meetings
çould only be held by proclamation ; or if arbitrariiy held
on urgent occafions, their aâ:s required the confirmation
of a Gorjeddy or public aflfent by fubfequent proclamaíion.
The Gorfeddau^ or meetings, were always held in thc open
air, and in theface of the fun^ and eye ofthe light. The place
was fet apart by forming a circle of ftones arouncj thc
Maen Gorfeddj as already mentioned.J At the Gorfeddau it

was

♦ CÍalled alfo Cadaìr^ O'wydd^a^ and EiJiedd*vod\ but thefe tenns are more
particularly for provincial meetings.

t Whenall Brìtaìn acknowledged the bardic inftitution the meetings
were held in that part of the ifland moft coiivenient, and central, which was
Salijlmry Plains; and as might be expe(^ed, there we find (he moft ftupcn-
dous moHuments that have been left of the former power of the Bards;
Silòuty and Stonehenge in particular. It is furprizing that Ryiuldndsy out of
partiality for his native place perhaps, ftiould make the ifle of Anglefey the
place of general meeting, when it îs confidered how puny the veftiges be,
that are to be found there; beûdes the inconveniency of the fi tuation.
That Suetonius Paulinus fliould meet with a more than ordinary number in
that ifland is reafonàble enough, becaufe there might be many fugitivea
from parts where they had been before difturbed by the Romans; and who
bad fled to that place, fuppofing it to be out of the reach of thofe eiíemies.

t Maen Gorfedd^ the import of which 1$ thc Sìone ofthe JJJfemhly^yf^ aifo

' caìled

•V

.;:í^' '.^'-.^ ^'Cy

B^AItDISM# 2tlyii:

was abfolutely neceflí^ry to recite the bírdic tmditions ; and
with this whatever came before thení was conlidered, and
deterniined upon. The Bards always ftood bare headed
and bare footed, in their unicoloured robes, at the Gorjedd^
and within the Cylç Cyngrair^ or Circle of Federation. The
ceremony ufed on the openingof a meeting was the íheath-
ing of the fword, on ihe Maen Gor/eddy at which all tlic
prefiding Bards affifted ; and this was accompanied with a
very íhort pertinent difcourfe. When the bufinefs was
finiíhed the meeting was clofed by taking up, but not un-
íheathing, the fword, with a few words on the occafionji
whei> all covered their heads and feet.* There were certain
mottos ufed by the Bards; that for the General JJfembly of
tbe IJle of Britaìn\ was— Y Gwir yn erbyn y Byd, T!be
Üruth in opỳojîtion to the World. Thofe for the provincial
meetings were fuch as had been adopted on the firft efta-
bliíhment, of them refpeä:iveiy.J They were ufed as de-

claratory

called CrairGorfeddy or tbe Cwenant Place of tbe AJfembìy^ and Maen LMg^
tbe Sttme of Covenant; but it never ẅas called Cromlef^ nor ìs this name to be
found m my old manufcript whatever, it is therefore a name unfeirly ob-
trudedupon the public. Thìs útâr migbt be called Cromìeç for the fame
reafon as other llones of the like form and poíìtion are termed fo in com-
mon language, but it has not the leaft allufion to the ufe which the Bards
made of it. ^

* It feems pretty evident that thefe ceremonies of the ÌBards are the
íburce from which all thofe who have made pretenfions to be conjurors,
and magicians, have borrowed their çircles,wands, and other things,.to give
their fpells an air of greater confequence.

t Gorfedd {dr Belrdd) Ynys Prydain.

î That for. Cadqir G^wynedd^ or tjie chaii: of Tenedptia was—jESt/,

To^. ■ ""■;, ^^ '. . .r . ; .^ '

3llvÌÌÌ BÀltlHSâli

claraÉory oí thc Caimr, or Talaithf meetîng, or próvîncé/
whereof th€ Bard was a member, or of thc mecting that
ena&ed any thing refpeŵing the inftitation. The Gor-
JeddaUy and CaJeiriaUj or thc general, and proYÌncjal aíTem*
blies always vinually exift ; and if they dò not Ÿifibly ap-
pcar, they arc to be called on to make their appcarancc,
by the proclamation of a GorfeddTnys Ptydainy where threc
graduatcd Bards muft prefide; and, as in indivrduals, fo in
coHe6tivc bodics, thofc CadeiriaUj or ProvincialChairs; took
no preccdcncy onc of thc other on any oecafian, buc all
were cqual in eftimation and ^ignity. It was rcquifitc that
every Bard íhould be k^own as of fbmc provincial Cadair^^
for thc fakc of vifible diftinftion, though thc Beirdd Tnyi
Pryd<ẁty\ (which was their gencral title) werc of cverý
Oöc; for thcy all cxíftcd in thcm, as thc fountain from
whcftcc all arc derivcd; and fliould any have difappearcd^
riic Beirdd Tnys Prydain might tall thcm out by procla*
mation^ or by aâually appearing at fuch meetings^ and
givc thcm immediate vifibility, or by thc famc mcans con«^
ftitutc ncw oncs. A Gorfedd might be fo hcld as to bc ä
Qational| and alfo a provincial cnc at thc famc timc.:{; It

Cadatr PcnxÿSj or the chair of Powys^A ladpo a lez)í>ix, He ìhtu iillì
JballbihilUd.

Cadair Dyvedj òt the thaif òf Dimetia-*«CALON ẁttTH CaloKì líart
united to Heart,

Cadair Mn'gaffúìg^ or the chaii' of 6Jamorgan-^t)uw a phob Daioni^
God and all Goodnefs.

* Cadair^ or Gwfedd^ as of Gwyncdd, Dpeá, artd otbers.

t Or Gorfeddogion Tnjs Ptydainj ör fimply Gotfeddogitìnj acíd Beirdd Gof»
feddamìg.

X The formüla fdr which ran thus^Gorfedd wrth vraint a derawd
^irdd Ynys Frydaini ac ^n mcaint Bcirdd («r Cadair) Powyi^ <c«i

B^ARDISMi XIÌ2Í

was m)t nefeeíFäry thaf a proVincial Cadair íhöuld be a6lu-
ally freld ẅkhî» its peeuliar territory ; for it míght be beld
any whéreî in Brttatn^ ot even in a foreign coiHitry, äâ
fnight alfo a Gorfedd Tnys Prydain^ retaining on fuch occa-
fiön th€ appfopriate titles ; which were — Beirdd Tnys Pryd^
ain ttwfr Bydŷ and Tu^ddedogion Byd — *' The Bards of
the iílc of Êritain through the world/' and ^* thofe who afé
at libcrty through the world/^

At a meeting there was always one, called the Dad^
geiniady or the rcciter, whofe bufinefs was to récite the tra-^
ditions, and poems^ to make proclamatiorrs, announce
candidates, opcn, and clofe the Gorfedd, and tbe like. A
Bard genéralíý exccuted this office;' but it might be done
by one, or as many as were neceíTary, of the Azvenyddion, or
dífciples.

A Gorfedd was opened, and clofed, as before obferved,
^ith flioít difeourfes, which were formal wjtb refpeét ta
thc mattei?, but thcre was no neceffity for their being h m
words. The foîlowing was the purport of whäC was faid
at the opejìiing of one*— —

'' The

* Tgnjüiryn eriyny hyd: ac yn nawdd BeirdJ Trys Tryäain pawb à gyrç-
ant hyn o le, Ile nid noeth arv yn eu herbyn ; a pliawb a gcifiont Urddas a
Thrwyddedogaeth wrth Gerdd a Barddoniaeth, ceifiant gan lolo Mor-
ganwg, W, Meçain^ Hyweî lEryri, aD. Ddu Eryrí, a hwynt oll yn Teìrdä
tmjjyddeda^sjjg yn mraint Beirdd Tnys Prydain—T G>-wiryn erhyny byd.

If any were to be graduated the conclufion was altered to this form^
•* Yn mraint Cadair (Beirdd) Cfüoeth Morgan'u.g^ a Gnuent^ ac Erging^ ac
TftradTw^Tn emv Dww a fhob Daioni, -^Thi^ conftituted it a provincial

d Cadairi

i

I ' BARDISM.

" The Truth against the World: Undcr thc pro-
" tcftion of thc Bards of thc ijle òf Britain^ arc all who re-
y pair to this place, where there is not a naked weapon
*^ againft them ; and all who feek for the privilege and
^' graduation appertaìning to Stíence and Bardifm, let
*^ them demand it from lolò Morganwgj W. Meçain^ Hywel
" Eryriy2iná D. Ddu Eryri^ and they being all graduated
'^ J?^;y/j, according to the prìvilege of the Bards of the ijlc
" of Britain. — The Truth Against the World/'

In clofing the Gorfeddy the prefiding Bard took up thc
fword, and named the Bards that were mentioned in the
opening; exce|)t fome of thèm werc to be rejefted, or
fufpended, and then they were noticed thus*~— •

" lolo Morganwgt and W. Meçain, Bards graduated in
** the privilege of the Bards of the ifle of Britain ; and P.

Cadair; and it would be denominated Cadaîr Morganwg» or the Chair of
the Bards of Glamorgan. If a^ Ovydd Was to be admitted, the form con-
cluded thus— -Ymgeifiant â Iok Morganwjg^ W, Meçaitty Ifywel Etyri^ a D.
Díìu Eryri, Beitdd ac Onyddion yn mraint Beirdd Ynys Prydain. Se*vy
dywed D, Ddu Eiyri, ar air, a çyd'wyhodjy gellid Beirddo honynt; acyna bam^
afanty Beirdd yn ngcrfedd^ y dylid Bcirdd o honynt yn ngradd Onyddion^ yn
mraint Beirdd a Çadair G^wyne.dd — Tn Enwo Jefu !

And in concluding the Gorfedd th\xs — lolo Morganwg, W. Meçaîn, Hy-
wel Eryri, a D. Ddu Ei*yri, Beirdd ac Ovyddion, ^wrth 'uraint a deva<wd
Beirdd G-TAynedd^ yn Tmddal <wrth briv dden^a^wd Beirdd Tnys Píydain : ni
noethant arvyn erhyn neh^ ac ni lyddnoeth ar*vyn eu herhyn^Tn Enwj tffc.

* lolo Morganwg, a W. Meçain Beirdd Trwyddedogion yn mraini
Beirdd Ynys Prydainj a D. Ddu Eryri^ Bardd wrth hawl ac arddel yn
jnraint Cadair Dyved — Cahn *wrth Galon.

Ddu

BARDISM. lî

** Ddu Eryri, a Bard claimant under the prîvilcge of thc
^* Chair oí Dimetia — Heart united to Heart/'*

This alteration in the manner of naming the Bards from
what was done in the opening of the Gorfedd, implies that
jD. Ddu Eryri is fufpended^ and Hywel Eryri rejeäed, or
excepted againft; and for that reafon not admitted^ to
their degrees for which they were candidates.

From the above form ît wiU appear, that fuch candidates
as are named in a proclamation, and pafled over in filence
ât a Gorfedd, sive rejeded; and can never afterwards be àd-
mitted; and fuch as are called, at a Goffedd, after being
named, ** Beirddwrth hawl ac arddel^^ — ** Bards claimant,
or prefumptive,*' it implies fufpenfion of the decifion of
tiic Gör/^Ji/ concerning them, tiU a future opportunity.

When ìt had been proved before a Gorfedd^ that a Bard
had becn guilty of any criminal aft; he was fufpended, or
degraded, as occafion required. The firft was by procla-
mation, in which he was called Bard claimant and prefumŷ^
íive; as before noticed. Degradation was a particular aét
of the Goìfedd, before the clofe of it; and Ìt was called—
'* Dzvyn cyrç cyvlavanyn ei erbynỳ^ — " To bring the affault
of warfare againft him/* After the decifion áll the Bards
covered their heads, atid one of them uníheathed the
íword, named the perfon aloud threc tinycs, with the fwòrd

* A Gcìfedd might be made a general and a provincial one at the fame
time, thus — Wrth vraint a devawd Beirdd Ynys Prydain; ac yn mraint
Beirdd Cadair Dyved, &c,

d 2 lifted

lii BARDISM.

lifted în hishand, adding when he was laft named — ^^Noett>
yw cìeddyv yn ei erbyUy' — " The fword is naked againít
him.'* This concludçd the ceremony, and hc couldnever
after be re-admitted ; and he was called — '^ ^Gwr wrîh
ddivrazvd ac anraithr — ^^ A man deprived of privîiege and
expofcd to warfare/' For the purpofe of dcgrading â
Bard, it is fometimes deefned moft proper to hold a parti-
cular Gorjedd for that purpofe, by proclamation, ín which
the occafion fliould be fpecified in tlíis peculiar form of
words* — ^* Where there wiU not be a naked weapon
*' againft any one but Madog Min, a man deprived of
*^ privilege, and expofed to warfàre/' All befides in the
proclamation to bç in the ufual manner. Such haying beeri
publiíhed, it is not neceíTary that the Gorjedd thcrein pro-
claimed ftiould be aclually held, for it has a virtual exift-
cnce, and all that is neceífary on fhjs occafion îs to aa-i
Bounce to the public the degradation of fuch a Bard.

The proclamation was to this purpofe f —

** When it was the year of our Lord one thoufand fev6ií
** hundred and ninety-two, and the/un in the ŷoint of, thè

vernàì

* " Lle ni bydd noeth arv yn erbyn neb ond Madawg Mîn, Gwr wrth
** ddivrawd ac anraith."

t Rhybydd ündydd a blwyddyn — ** Pan oedd oed Crist yn 1792, «'r
** haul yn nghyvnod cyhydedd dy dd a nôs yn y Gwanwyn, y rhodded
*' Gwys a Gwahawdd, yn nghlyw Gwlad ac arglwydd, dan ofteg undydd a
*' blwyddyn, a nawdd i bawb à geìfiont Urddas a Thrwyddedogäeth wrth
** Gerdd ä Barddoniaeth, gyrçu pen Pumlumon yn Mhowys, yn mhen
** undydd a blwyddyn, yn oriau'r eçwydd, IJe ni bydd noeth cleddyv vn ttt

hcrbyn;

BARDISM. liiì

^^ vernal €quinoXy a fummons and invitation was given, in
^* the hearing of the comtry and the prìnce^ under the period
^^ QÍ a year and a day, with proteftion for all fuch as might
^^ ítÇí^LÍor prhilege^ and graduaìion appertaining to Science
** and Bardifm^ to repair to the top of Pumlumon in
** PowYs, at the expiration of the year anJ the day, in
*' the hours of noon, where there will not be a naked weapon^
^^ againfl them\ and then, in the prefence of Iolo Mor-
*^ GANWG, Bard accordtng to the prtrilege of the Bards of the
^^ Ìft^ of Britain; and with him W. Meçain, Hywel
^* Eryri, and D. Ddü Eryri, and they being aììgradu*
** ated Bards under the privilege and cujiom of the Bards of
^^ J^rit'ífiny^ for the purpofe of pronouncing the judgment
*^ of a Gorfeddy in the eye of thefuny and face of the lighty on
*' all with refpect to genius and moral conduíl, who may feek
<* foT prefdency and ŷrivilege^ according to the priviìege and
^* cuýom ofthe Bards of the ijle of Britain.—TìiE Truth ik

^ OPPOSITION TO THE WoRLD."-}-

** herfcyn ; aç yno'n erwynebawl lolo Morganwg, Bardd yn mraint Beirdd
** Ynys Prydain, a çydagev W. Meçain, a Hywel Eryri, a D. Ddu Eiyri,
** a hwynt oU ynDrwyddedogion wrth vraint a devawd Beirdd Ynys Pryd-
** ain, er cynnal barn Gorfeíd, yn Uygad haul ac wyneb goleuni, ár bawb
^* o barth, Awen a Bwçedd, à geiûont Vraint ac Urddas, herwydd braint a
í* deva>yd Beirdd Ynys ftydain.! — Y Gwir yn erbyn y Byd."

* If there are candidates for diíFerent degrees they.are mentioned thus —
^ lolo Morganwg, Bardd Trijjyddedâi'wg \ W. Meçüân^ BarÁi ac Guydd ;
^* Hywel Eryri, a D. Ddti Eryri, Beirdd a Derwyddon^ wrjb vraint a
^* derawd Beirdd Yays Prydaiii,&c. (or Beirdd, or Cadair Gwynedd,) &c."

f 'Hie above is a Goffedd of the iíle of Britain; but when tUc occafîon is
local it íhould be a pi*Qvincial Cadair, which is conftituted by concluding
Ŵus, for Psmys-^^^ Herwydd braint a deyawd Beirdd (Ç^öẁ) Ponjjys —

♦* A LADDO A LEDDIR."

d 3 Having

\ÌV BARDISM. I

Havîng accomplidied the foregoîng íketch of Bardifm,
I am tempted to recapitulate the leading arricles in the
fyftem, for the purpofe of bringing the whole ínto one
point of view, whereby it will be feen what a furprifing
coincidence there is between it and the principlesof a mo-
dern fed that is refpeítçd throiìgh the world.'^

Peáce. There is a neceffity of reftoring, eftabliíh-

ing, ^and prcfcrving of peace towards the happinefs of
maakind; therefore the Bards give an example by refráin-
ing from bearing.arms, and from all things that tend to
form one party in oppofition to another. "The BarJ amid
the ftorms of the moral worid muft aflume thc fercnity of
the uncloudcd blue íky. "' ■

EojJALiTY. Sûperiority of indiviciual powçrjs what

none but God can poffibly be intitled to ; for the power
that gave exiftence to all is the only power that nas a
claim of right to rule ovér all. A man cannot aíTume au-
thority over another ; for if he may Qver onç, by the fame

* The focîety of Frìends^ or the people called Quaker9. It ìs obfcnrabfe'
that they originally appeared under the denomination of Scehers^ ; and ge-
nerally, if not firft in South Wales ; and it is known that George Fox ar-
'ranged his fyftem, after availing himfelf of the experience and labours of
Wüliam Erbury^ and Walter Cradoch^ natives of that part of Wales whcre th«
bardic inftitution was preferved. Doth not this point out fomething more
than mere accidental fímilarity between the two fyftems ? Or is it becaufe
both have been fortunate in adopting what is congenial with nature? Thc
Weìjìj Suakeì-5 have a cuftom not common to others, which makes the like-
nefsftiU ftrongcr: tlìey hold their meetings in the opcn air, generally in a
circular inclofure, called MoniJuent.

reafon

BARDISM. lv

rcafon hc may rule over a miUion, or over a wprld. All
men are neceíTariljr equal: the foür elements in their
natural ftate, or every thing not manufadtured by arr, is
thc çommon property of all.

Trüth.— Believe nothing without examination ; but
where reafon and evidence will warrant the conclufion be-
lieve every thing; and letprejudice be unknown. Search
for truth on all occafions j and efpoufe it in>oppofition to
the world.

LiGHT.— The cmblem of purity, and holinefs, che
iòurce of good, and by which all truths íhould be illu-
mined. Every aét of the Bard muft be done in thejace of
thefm^ and ÌH the eye of the light.

MA'Mr. — ^The laft being that came înto exiftcace in
this world was man. He appeared with the firft |ilîng
fun 5 before that it was perpetual night. He is deftined to
fiU a certain place in the creation ; but at perfeft liberty tç
aft in that charadler^ or able to attach himfelf to either
good or cvil, as the impulfe of his own incUnations Ihall
lead him, accountable, rewardable, or puniíhable, for all he
does. Humanity is therefore a ftate where good and evii
are fo equally balanced that it becomes a ftate of liberty,
and confequently of probation- In this ftate the foul becomes
poíTeíred of fuch a perfedion of memory, that in what con-
dition foever hc may afterwards exift he never lofes the re-
coUeétion of what ever àfceí befalls him ; fo that the reward,
or puniíhment, is by this means extremely heightened by
thf comparifon of the prefent with thç formçr, and by ex-

d 4 periencing

lyi BARDISM.

perienciag the neceíTary confequeaces of good^ or cv\ì ^
and he cannoc attain perfeâ: knowledge until he has gone
through all pofíible modes of €xiftence. '

Animals. They originated in the loweft point òf

exiftence, the meaneft water-worm. Land animals are of
a fuperior order, aud rlfe in their various gradation* up to
man. As all modes of cxiftence below hüipanity ^re ae-
ceíTarily evil, fo no animal c^n pafs to a lower ftate when it
dies, but the divine benevolence has fo ordaincd th^t it
íhould rife higher; and thus advan(iing upwards it arrives
»t humanity. Animáls approach the ftate of huuîanity in
proportion as they are gentle and harmlefs in their difpofi-
tions ; and to haften their progrefs towards happinefe thefe
become, more than any others, liable to be deftroyed un^
timely ; which is a regulation of divine benevolence. But
as man has no right to ŵunteraâ: Providence, he is not
permirted to kill any animal, but which would eidier im-
mediately or eventually kiU him ; and it is by this law he
muft regulate himfelf, wlien he deprives aiìy being of life.
We canaot kill an animal, any more thana mara, but as a
prevention agalnft, or a puniftiment for killing.

9

GooD. -To fufTer wich patience, and fortitude, is thc

greareíl virtue of humanity, and includes all others. Man
muft brave ali dangers rather than not aft to his duty ; for
true valour appears never lo fo great advantage as.in fuf-
fering unmov^d, what cannot be avoided without .tranf-
greíSng the laws of juftice, and benevólence. If during
human life, or the ftate of probation, the foul attaches it-
felf to good, it paíTeth in the inftant of death into 0, higher

ftate

ì

BARDISM^ ]VU

ftatie of exîfl:ence, where good neceíTarily prevails, and it is
îínpoffible to fall from fuch a ftate j yet liberty however
ílill remains in the exertions of love, and benevoleíîcc,
I^ve is che principle which rules every thing in thofe
ftates of exiftence that are above humanity; and a mao,
for that is'his condition to all eternity, in fucb a ftate re-
tains the love of his country in particular, thpugh of all thc
world in general. For this reafon he may defcend, and
again aflume the earthly ftate, to reftore the knowledgc of
{ruth, and to imprefs the diítates of virtue/^

EviL. Pride is that paíEon, by wiiìçh mm aflumes

more tUan the laws of nature allow him ; for all meít are
equal, ttiough diSerently ftatioocd in thç ÛAte of buma-
nity for tbe çommon good. Whoever aflbmes fuch a
fuperiority is an ufurper ; and by this aflumption of
powej, dêrived from pride, a man attaches himfelf to cril,
ÌQ fucb a degree, that his fouí pafles at death into thc
meaneft worm ; or he falls into the loweft point of exîft^
eoee. A man by attaching himfelf to evil, bccomes in tbfe
paffions of his foul depraved, and brutalÌ2:ed ; aod 3.t death
he fails into íuch a ftate as corr^ponds with the degree of
maligfìity acquired ; or his foul pafles into ;an animal of a
difpofition correfponding with what he was at the time of
death. From this fl^te lie again by degrecs rifes highcr

* According to the bardic fcheme the prophets of Ifrael were of tbîf
defcríption ; for none could reveaJ heavenly things but thofe who had e^-
perienced them, and who by returning to this worid made them kBOwn.—
Taliefin is fiill of this doÄrine : he has, he fays, paíTed through many tranf-
nûgratío^s; has sifceaded to heaven, and returned to earth.

and

lviíi BARDISM..

and higher in the fcale of exiftence, until he arriyes at the
ftate of humanity : from whence he may again fall. Thus
let him fali ever fo often, he again returns, as the fame
road to happinefs lies open to him, and will to eternity ;
fo that neceíTary eternal puniíhment, or ftate of mifery, is
in itfelf impoffible; and fhe infliíäion. of fuch puniíhment
js the only thing which the Deity cannot dò^ who is all
perfed benevolence.

Rewards and Punishments Thefe are fo fecured

by the eternal laws of creation, that they take place necef-
farily, and unavoidably. They may be, and are accele-
rated, one as well as the other, by death ; which is the
only poffible means ; and this, in a degree, is left in the
powçr of man, and is retained alfo by divine Providence»

Penitence and Sacrifice. -Perfeft penitencc is

întitled to pardon ; and which confifts in making all pof-
lîble retribution for the offcnce, and fubmitting willingly
to the puniíhment due. A man thus by giving himfelf
up voluntarily, to what his confcience tells himSs due to
his crime, doth all that rcmains in \\\% power, and fo his
foul becomes divefted of its turpitude, and attached to
good in the higheft degree poffible. This is the bardic
ideaof human facrifice; and none wereadmitted but volùn-
tary viâ:ims ; or thofe condemned of crimes ; and to put
thefe to death was a coincidence with divine benevolençe,
in haftening them to 'that courfe which they muft pafsi
through, before they could arrive at happinefs,

Providence.

BARDISM. ìîx'

pROYiDENCE.-— God îs benevolence în all his laws of
iiature ; for he has fo ordered that the arrival of every being
at a ftate of blifs is by all poffible means accelerated. Thus
thc vortex of unÌYcrfiiil warfare, in which the whole crea-
tion i^ involved, contributes to forward the viélim of its
rage to a higher ftate of exiftencc. Even the malignancy
öf man is rendered fubíervient to the general, and ultimate
end of Divine Providence, which is to bring all animated
beings to happinefs,

Eternity. ^No finite beings can poíTibly bear the

infinite tedium of eternity, They will be relicved from it
by conrinual renovations at proper periods, by paffing înto
new modes of exiftence ; and which wiU nor, like death,
be dreaded, but be eagerly wiíhed for, and approached
with joy. Every exiftence will impart its peculiar ftock of
knowledge; for confcioufnefs and memory will for evcr re-
main i or there could be no fuch thing as cndlefs life.

We íhall now pafs on to gîve a ftiort hiftory of the man-
ner in which Bardifm has been continued to the prefent
time. It has been already obferved, that the principles,
upon which it was formed, did not in the leaft militatc
againft the introduftion of Chriftianity ; for they weré, on
the contrary, highly ferviceable to facilitate the adoption
of the new doftrine; becaufe it was one of the leading
mîixims, to examine every thing without prejudicc, to draw
a conclufion from the evidence, and to abide by thc refult
only, as farther inveftigation ftiould fupport it, or other^
wife. In confirmation of fuch remark, we have a notable
inftance of the influence of that fpirit of inveftigatiôn, re-

corded

1X BAHDÎSM.

corded by the hiftorians of the firft planting of ChriftU'
nity^ who teftify that the Britom embraced it generally^
aad with more opennefs than any other people. Such an
event having taken place, in the manner defcribedj the •
funftions of the Chriftian priefthood cominued to be exer-
cifed exclufively by the different orders of the bards,
amongft the Cynmry, until nearly about the time of Germa-
nus and Lupus, about the beginning of ihe fifth çentury.
At that period an opening was effeéted by the intereft ojf
the clergy of the Roman Church ; which, in the courfe of
about a century, by depriving the order of the patro^age,
totally excluded the Bards from all reUgious oíEccs ; at
Jeaft with refpect to any pretenfions tbey might fet up, as
bcing of fuch order. When thefe çhanges were bcginmJig
to take place, a prince of the name of Beli formed a codc
of regulatións, which he invited the Bards to adopt;
wherein many deviations from the original inftitution werc
difcernible ; and, moft probably, their right to the prieft-
hood was amongft the articles omitted *. Such as were
oí a complying difpofition acceded to the new laws; but
thofc who had the honour of the ancient inftitution at

* Thefe new laws werc afterwards modifìed in the fixth century, by kîng
jírthur ; and again in the eleventh, by Grufudd ab Cynan^ king of Wales\
and laft of íill an incoherent jumble of them were adopted, for ẃant of
j)roper information, by a congreTs, held at Caern)yrddìn towards the middle
of the fitteenth century. The people who embraced thefe new laws were
caJled by the primitive Bards, in deriíìon, Beìrdd Belì^ and Over-vetrdd^
or the Bards of Belì^ and pfeudo Bards. However in fome ages they feem
to have been held in greater eílimation than the old Bards ; poíübly becauf»
they were not fo inimical to the clergy, and to the iK)pular errors of thô
times.

heart^

'ÊAíiMáiyf. rri

íieaft, treated ẃith difdain the propofal öf being guîded
by any other, th^ the public Traditions of the Gorfedd.
Ffom this periód rhe regular Beirdd Tnys Frydain arc only
to be côníîdered a fmall feŵ, thoiigh ftiU venerated by the
peòple, on account of their peaceable principles ; and they
ftiU poíteffed a confiderable degree of influence, as long as
the Cynmry enjoyed their own goyernment ; but when thät
was lòft, by the fall of the laíí: Llywelyn^ Bardifm had nearly
been totally annihiláted. The Bârds were not oníy deprived
of -patronage by this etent, but they were even awed by
the terror of a cruèl perfecution ; the confequence óf which
was, that they were obliged to be círcumfpeâ:, and to avoid
the regular open Gorjedd. This muft have endangered the
îofs of the Traditions, and learning of thè Inftitutionr;
therefore fuch of the Bards as were anxiöus for its fate be-
gan, morc than before, to make coiledions of thofe things
in books *'. With a view to confolidate thofe colleétions
feveral Gor/eddau were beld fnom the beginnrog of the íìf-
teenth centtíry, under the fanftion of Sir Richard Neville
and others; and a fübfequent one, for ihe fame purpofe,
was held in 1570, under the aufpices of WilUam Herbert
ŵd of Pembrohe^ the great patron of Weljh literature \é
What was done in thofe meetings reGeived confiderablö

* The Bards wha had the principal hand in forming the coUeâions
were Eìnìm Ofeiriady Edeyrn Ùa^aiÁjd Aur^ G*wrgan ab Rhys^ Trabaearu
Brydydd Ma'wr^ Davydd ddu tìiraddugy Siony Cent^ G-wilym Te^ G'wify/»
Eg^ad^ Jeuan ab HynAjel S'wrd'wal^ yeuan Çeihiit^ Lmjy$ M^gafêwg^
Meifyg Datyddy Datydd Benmytt, Dánydd Ll-wyd Mathiw^ Líytnxfyft é
LmngeiAyddy and Ed^ard Daiyddy of Margam,

t The great library of Welíh manufcripts, formedby^him, $K.Maglaá
Vt^U was deftroyed bjr OHver CrmfwelL
[ ' ' improvement

f

bcH / BARDtSM.

improvemcnt at one held by Sir Edward Lewis of the f^an^
about the year 158Í0, from the arrangement of the venerable
Llywelyn Langewydd; and laftly, a complete revifäl of all
the formcr coUedtions was made by Edward Davydd oî
Margam, which reccived the fanótion of a Gorjeddy held at
Bewỳyry in the year 1681, under the authority of Sir
Richard Bafet ; when that coUedtion was pronounced to be
in every refpeÄ thefulleft illuftration of Bardifm*. From
that period to the prefent time a remnant of the Order of
the Bards has exifted, obfcurely, in the part of fFa/es
where thofe mcetings wcre held, ftiU occafionally holding
a Gorfedd for Morganwgy or Glamorgan ; being the only pro-
YÌncíal Chalr extant, all the others being difcontinued long
ago ; and even the members of this were reduced to two
before the prefent revival of the inftitution -(-•

The

♦ Mr. Edtjoard H^illiams, oí FUmfiony had an opportunity to make a tran*
kúpioi that book ; and from his I made another.

t One of thofe is the Rev. Ed^ward E<van of Merdar 5 and the other is
the faid Mr. Ed^ard WìlUams', who has juft at this time given to the
world his Englijh poetry, in two volumes. It is he who has given a tafte
for Bardifm to feveral, whîch is likely to be the means of reviving the inftî-
tutìon ; and it is from his communications and affiftance, that I havc
been enabled to give this account of the Bards.

The following, fi-om a manufcript of the late Mr. John Bradford^ îs a lift
of the Bards of the Chair of Glamorgan^ and the order in which they were
the Awet^ddion^ or difciples ; and it may be coníîdered as a Bardic pe-
digree : the dateg denote the times when they prefided— —

Trahaearn Brydydd Mawr^ 1300 His Awenyddion

HywelBwrBaç- - - - 1330 Gwilym ab leuan Hên.
Davydd ab Gwilym - - 1 360 leuan Tcw Hên.

IçuanHên í37<> H^-wel Swrdwal

leuanTewHêa - - - 142^
Awenyddion

BARDISM.

lxiii

Thc Bardic theology, laws, and princîplcs, have în all
ages bcen referrcd to infpiration, or aíTcrted to be dcri^cd

from

Awenyddîon
Hjwèl Swrdwal.
leuan âb Hywcl Swrdwal.
leuan Gethin ab I. ab Lleifíon.
Hywel ab Davydd ab I. ab Rhys
leuan Gethin ab I. ab Lleifìon 1430

Awenydd
Gwylim Tew, or G. Hendon.
GwUymTew - - - - 1460

Awenyddion.
Huw Cae Llwyd.
Hywel ab Dav. ab I. ab Rhys.
Harri oV Gareg Lwyd.
lorwerth Yynglwyd
Meredydd ab RhoíTer - - 1470

Awenyddion.
lòrwerth Vynglwyd.
leuan Deulwyn.
Sir Ëinion ab Owain.
leuan Deulwyn ... 1480

Awenyddion.
lorwerth Vynglwyd.
Lewys Morganwg.
Harri Hîr.
lorwerth Vynglwyd - - 1500

Awenyddion.
Lewys Morganwg.
leuan Du'r Bilwg.
Lewys Morganwg - . - 1520

Äwenyddion.
Meiryg Davydd.
Pavydd Benwyn.
Llywelyn Sion o Langewydd.
Thomas Llywelyn o Regoes.
Meiiyg Davydd (died in 1600) 1 560

Awenydd.
Watcin Pywel.
DavyddBenwyn ... ij6o

Awenyddion.
Llywelyn Sioh.
Sion Mawddwy.
Pavydd Llwyd Mathcw.
jjy weiyn Sion (died in 1 6 1 6) 1 5 80

Awenyddion.
Watcin Pywel.
leuan Thomas.
Mcilir Mathew.
Davydd ab Davydd Mathew.
Davydd Ëdwara o Yargam.
Edward Davydd o Vargam.
WatciirPywel ... - i6ao

Awenyddion.
Davydd Edward.
Edward Davydd.
Davydd ab Davydd Mathew.
EdwardDavydd(diedini69o) 1660

Awenyddion.
Hywel Lewys.
Charles Bwttwn, Efq.
Thomas Roberts Ofeiriad.
S. Jones o Vryn Llywarç, Of'".
Evan Sion Meredydd.
Davydd oV Nant.
Davydd o'r Nant ... 1680

Awenyddion.
Hopcin y Gweydd.
Thomas Roberts Ofeiriad.
Davydd Hopcin oV Coetty.
Samuel Jones Ofeiriad - - i joo

Awenyddion.
Rhys Prys, Ty'n y Ton. *
William Haìn.
Sion Bradford, yn blentyn.
Davydd Hopcin, o'r Coetty 1730

Awenyddion.
Davydd Thomas
Rhys Morgan, Pencraig Nedd.
Davydd Nicolas.
Sion Bradford.
Sion Bradford (died in 1780) 1760

Awenyddion.
Lewys Hopcin.
WiUiam Hopcin.
Edward Evan.
Edward Williams.

* Father of the late celebrated Dr. Prìce, of Haclcney.

ÌXîV ÎTARDrSÄÍ.

frôm Heaven, under the denominatîon of AwEisr, Thns a
Poet of the ííxteenth çentury fays,*

— ** Dwyn o'r nen
Deçreuad açau'r Awen."

" We derive from Heaven

The primeval mfpiration of Bardtfm."

By the term Awen may be underftood genias, in the ge#
neral fenfe, thoûgh naore appropriately a poetieal gemuff^
or the Mufe ; but often, in the langua^e of the Bards, ìt
fignifies infpiration, or the Holy Spirit-f'. Th-üs Uywarç

* EdmundPrysj the tranflator into Welíh of the Pfalms tkat are ap>.
pointed to be fung irt churches ; and author of mány pieces of great merit.

Taliefiny and moft of the fubfequent Eards, abound with paflagcs of the
iâme idca, relpeéling the divine origin of the Awen,

t Lfywelytí Langc^jjyddy a writer on Bardifm, who died abfliüt the year
1616, fays, that tlie Awen was íìrfl- gîven to Enocby and that he was the firft
man that praifed God in fong. He alfo fays that án evil genius appeared ìn
the world ; and that men forfook the holy AiJüen for this ; and at fomfe pe>-
ríods thís evil one had the afcendancy. From this we mayprefumethat
Enoch and his defcendants worfliipped Goà in purity for fome time ; but by
degrees they imbibed the general depravity of the world. And perhaps thfe
may be the Bardic explanation of the beginning of the fixth chapter oîGcnefii^

which feems to be an allegory " It came to pals, that when men began

^ ta multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto theHfy
" that the fons of God faw the daughters of men that they were fair; äímì
** they took them wives of all which they chofe."

Rhygorug vy Awen

I voli vy Rhëen. TalibsHT*

Da ryw Yíbryd a yrawdd

Düw o nev, da yw ei nawdd. E. PÄrs^

Cyvarçav ym Rhëen

Yftyriaw Awen. 'tALiEMW.

B. MoÇf

^É. MoÇi a poet ôf thé twcífth ccntury, ìnvokes to be in-ç
ípired, to fing the praife of Llywelyn I.

Grift Greawdyr, Uywîawdyr llu daear a nev,

A'm noddwy rhag avar ;

Crift Ccli, bwyv celvydd, a gwâr,

Cyn diwedd gy vyngwedd gyvar !

Crìft Vab Duw á'm rhydd arlavar,

I voli vy Rhwy V rwyfg oddyar ;

Ac — : — -a'm palr o'r pedwar devnydd,

Dovyn Awen ddiarçar !

'May Chrift, who form'd and governs earth, and heav'n,
' Proteól me from misfortune's gloomy way ;

That Chrift myfterious make me wife and mild,
. Erc to thcnarrow houfe of death I go !

May He with eIoquence attune my tongue,
^To praife my chief, whofe courfe is.noify w^r;

And nofay He grant me, from pure nature's ftore,

A penetrating Genius, unrcftrain'd.

It may not be amîfs to conclude this head wîth thè în-
troduftlón of thofe aphorifms that are relatiye to it, from
the Poetic Triades

!• The íhre'e foundatîons of Geniüs : the giftof God, man's'
exertion, and theeyents of life. ^ <

«• The three primary requiíites öf Genius: an eye that can

fee nature, a heart that can feel nature, and boldnefs '

' that dafes foílöw nature.

S-The

i'. 'Tairfail Awen : rhodd Duw, ymgaîs dyn, a damwaîn bywyd.

a. Tri phriv anhepgor Awen : llygad yn gweled anian, calon yn teimlaw,

anian, a glcwder à^yaidd ^dvyned ag aniîw, ''"' '

í -^ e 3.Tri

K

3. The thrcc indifpeiifablcs of Gcnius: undcrftandîng, feet

ing, and perfeYeraqçc,

4. The three properties of Gènius : fine thought, appro»

priate thought, and a luxuriantly diverfified thought.

5. The three things that ennpble Geniu.s : vigour, fancy,

and knowledge.

6. The threc fupports of Genius : ftrong mental endow-

ments, memory, and learning,

7. The three minifters of ; Geniuç : mcnfiory, Vígour, and

learning.
S. The three marks of Genîus: extraordinary undcçftand-
íng, extraordinary conduít, and c^traordinary excr-
tion.

9. The three friends of Genius: vîgour, diícretion> and

pleafantry.

10. Thc three things that improve Genius: propcr cxcr--
tion, frequent e^ertion, and profperity in its exertion»

11. The three eíTeds of Genius: generofity, gentlencís,
and complaccncy.

iz* Thc

3. Tri anhepgor Awen : deall, yftyriaeth, ac amynedd.

4. Tair cynneddyy Awen : hardd veddw}, priodawl veddwl, ac amrywedé^

veddwl.

5. Tri bonedd Awen: nwyv, pwyll, a gwybodaeth.
6i Tri çadernyd Awen : athrylilh, côv, a dyfg.

7* Tri gweinidogion Awen : côv, nwy^^a dyfg.

8. Tri nód Awen: anghyfredin ddealJ, anghyfredin ymddwym, df aiighyf-

redi^ ymgais.

9. Tiri çyvaill Awen : nwyv, callineb, a digrivwç.

10. Tri pheth à gynnydd Aw^n : iawn arver>. a mynyçarvcr, ŵ Uwy^cUfuit.

o-i harvei*.
< I. Tair efaith Awçb; baelidnii; gwma^^ a ç^redigjrwydd»

la. Tii

BARBrm. lxvif

títi The thfee thîiíg«' that tnrìch' Genîus : Cônteíitmèht òf

mìnáy the cheriíhing^ of good thoughti^ äiid eicercifírig

the memory,
13. The three things that exalt Geniiis: learning, exer-

tion, and reyerence;
t4ẁ Tfhe three fupports of Genius : proíì^erity, focial ac-

quaintance, and praife.

15. The three things rhat wilt irifure Profpetity : approí-'
priate exörcion, feafíble exertion, and uncômnion ex-
crtion.

16. The threc things that will infure Acquaintancc : com-
piacency, ingenuîty, and originality.

17. The three things that will infure Praife : amiable còn-
duíít, learned in fcience, and purc morals,

The Bards beftoWed great attention to the formation of
their Poetical Inftitutes, which they brought to á high ftâte
of perfection at a very early period ; becaufe verfe ẅas ge-
ncraliy the medium by which they preferved hiftorical
cvents, and taught the moral, and religious duties to the
people. The peculiat charader of the Poetry of the Bri-

H». Trìpbeth a frwythlona'r Âwen: diddanwç meddwl, cokdd daionus^
veddwl, a phorthi côv.

13. Tri pheth à dderçaiv Awen : dyfg, ymgaîs, a pharç.

14. Tri çynnaliaeth Awen : llwyddiant, cydnabyddiaeth, a ^gnoliaeth.

15. Tri pheth à ddybryn Lwyddiant: priodawl ymgaîs, hywaith yrogíiîs,

ac angThyfredin ymgais.

16. Tri pheth à ddybryn.Gydnabyddiaeth ; caredigrwydd^cdryddgarwçia

çynnevinder.

17. rri pheth à ddybryn GanmoUaeth; hygar yôiÄdẃyü,, fcŷddý% gel*

ipyddyd, a glân gampau.

c % t<mí

ẀÄJwas to avoid fable; for, agrceáble tó the radical pnnt
cìples öf Bardiftn, it was confecrated to be thc orgain of
Truth.*

With refpeft to what relates to the rules of poetical crí-
ticifm and prófody, they are extremely curious, and ori-
ginal ; and there is no hazard in aíTerting that they are as
juft as can be produced in any language; becauíe therc
arc none tbat foUow nature with more clofenefs. Thefe
are comprehended under the ten foUowing heads-f- —

The Welíh Langnage.

* Fancy and Invention.

The defign and intcntion of Poetry.
The nature and principle of juft Thinkîng.
Rules with rcfpeél to Arrangement.
Rules of juft Defcription.

• Yariety. of Matter and Invention.

Rulc»

"^^ It ís nôt hcré íntendeí to înfínuate, that ttiefe was nö fuch thîng
amongft the Welíh, in later ages, as any produftions on the modcl of other
nations ; but thefe were not by the regular Bards ; for their fyftem was (o
Hiimical to thofe, that any of the order, who íhould compofe what was ndt'
agrecable to the fyftem would be for ever degraded fr«m it»

t ^r iaith Gynmraég*

Dy^ymyg á Çrebwyll.

- Amcan a diben Cerdd.

Rhy w ac anfawdd cyvîawn Vyvyrdawd#,
' Trevyn o barth Ymddwyn.
Trevyn ar gyviawn DdyvaJu.

- Anddér Deunydd a Dyçyipygi

TreryÄ

A

BARPI8M. ÌXÌÌ

Jlules of Compofition, with refped to verfe, rhymc)
ftanza, confonancy, or alliteration, and accent.

Truth,

Varieties of Conipofition, with refpeâ: to dcfign, fanc)^
occafion, anâ meaning. Of thefe there are eight kinds :
panegyric, hiftorics, didaétics, gratulation, defcrip-

tion, elegy, fatire, and dialogue.

^ * it

Rather than attempt a defcription of them, ît may
be thought more curious, perhaps, if their appropriate
Triades are introduced, to ferve as a compendium of thc
whole—

I, The three radical pans of an Art : naturc, benefit, and.

originality.
%. The three primary points of Nature and Originality:
where it cannot be better, where it cannot be otheis
wife, and where there is no neceflíîty of its being other-
* wife.

3- Thç

TTcyyi^ ar Ganiadaeííh, o barth l>àn, aMrdyl, pennili, cyngha^ed.d, a^

acan.
Gwirionedd.
Rh}-wiau Cerdd, herwydd fylvon, crebwyll, açaws, açyftyr^ Wyth ryẅ

y fydd : cerdd vawl, çerdd vaneg, neaiianefgerdd, cçrdd addyfg, cerd4

anerç, dyvalgerdd, cerdd alargwyn, gogan, neu ddy^n \ {hx^ bawl ac

atteb.
î. Tair cynran Celvyddyd : anian, Uês, a phriodoldeb,
ŷ. Tri çynnod Ánian a Hanyod : Ue ni çllir g\yell, Il^ ni çllîr A^Pgep^ a'^

}le ^ j raid amgen.

5 ^ ' ^í Î^Tfi

ÌXX BARDISM.

3. The three prîmary points of the benefit of Scìencé: its
being patronized by the world, its YÌrtw in irnproving
the world, and its perfeftion in fupporting itíelf.

4« The rhreemarks ofthe proprietyof aScienoe: juftcaufe,
juft organization, and juft conformity.

5. The three times of Science : wheri it is juft, whcn it is

becoming, and when it is neceflary.

6. The three to whoin Science is fuitable: he that delights

in it, he that underftands it, and hç that deferves it.

7. The three inteojtions of Poe;try: in,creaíe of gop,d, ^nr.

creafe of underftanding, arid increafe of happinefs,

8. The three qualificatÌQns of Poetry: endownaient crf

genius, judgment from experience, and happinefs of
mind.

9. The three fbundations of Judgment : bold dcfign, frc«p

quent praôice, and frequent miftakes. . .

ío. The three foundations of Learning ; feeing mwpb, fufi
fering uiuch, and ft\idying much»

II. The

3. Tri cjmnod llês Celvyddyd : eî hofi gan y byd, ei rhinwedd yn gwellâu'r

byd, a*i pherfeith-gamp yn cynnai ci hun.
j^ Tri nôd priodoldeb Celvyddyd : iawn açaws, iawn ymdrevyn, ac iawii^

gyvuniad.
m Tri amfer Ceîvyddyd: pan vo îawn, pan vo hardd, a phan vo raid.
6. Tair hyweddiant Celvyddyd : ar a'i hofo, ar ei deallo, ac ar a'i dîrper.
y. Tri diben Prydyddiaeth : çynnydd daioni, cynnydd dcall, a çynnyd4

diddanwç. /

B. Tair anfawdd Barddonîacth: athrylith awen, barn wrth ddyf§, a gwyn*

vyd meddwl.

9. Tair colovyn Barn : con amcan, mynyç arver, a mynyç gamfynied.

10. Tair coIovyi^ Pyfg* gwdctf Jlaww, dyoddev IJawer, ac yftyried llawer.

II, Tair

JABDISM. ÎXXÌ

11. Thc tbree foundations of Happinefs : a fuíFering with

contentment, a hope that it wiU come, and a belief
that it wiU be.

12. The three fountains of Knowledge; invention, ftudy,

and experience.
^3. The three fountains of che Underftauding ; boldnefs,
YÎgour, and exeition.

14. The thriee foundations of Thought : perípicuity, am-

plitude, and juftnefs.
j^; Tbe threc ornaments of Thought : perfpieuity, corred-

nefsj ^nd novelty.
j6. The three canons of Perfpicuity : the word that is ne-

cc^fy, the quantity that is neceíTary, and th« man-

ner that is neceflary. .
17. The three çanons of Amplitude: appropriate thçught,

variety of thought, and requiíìte thought.
j8, The three pfoperties of juft Thinking: what ís poflible

to be, what ought to be, ancj what is commendable

to be.

20. The

II. Tair colovyh Gwynvy4 : goddev © voddlonrwy4d, gẃaith y daw, 9

çrcd y bydd.
|a. Tair fynon Gwybodaeth : crebwyll, yftyriaeth, a dyfgeidiaçtb.

15. Tair fynon Déall* eonder, n>yyv, ac ymgais.

14. Tair colovyn Synwyr; çglurdeb, llawhder, a çyviawndeF,

15. Tri harddwç Synwyr: eglurdeb, cywirdieb,a newydd-deb.

i6. Tair colovyn Eglurdeb : y gair à vo raid, y maint à vo raîd, a 'r ddijlí

à vo raid.
17. Taîr coIovyn Uawnderí priodawl veddwl, amyl veddwl^ ac angcj^

veddwl.
iS. Tair cynneddyr cyviawn Vỳvyrdawd; à ddiç^ö YÔd, à ddylai vôd, ac^

y.f^ddbarçWcivô4t

^4 /^^'''^y. î^Tri

ìxxn BARDISMé

19. The thrce requifítes of Song: thoüght that fliëẅs gé^'

nius, fancy direfted by art, and truth.

20. The three embelliíhments of Song: fine invention,

happy fubjeót, and a mafterly harmonious compo^

fition.
íLi. The three excellencies of Song : fimplicity of languagCi

fimplicity of fubjeft, and fimplicity of inventión.
•22. The three neceíTaries of Song: dignified intention/

thought, and matter.

23. The three commendables of Song: praife without flat^í

tery, amorous pleafaiury without obfcenity, and fa-
tire without abufe.

24. The three diverfities of Song: diverfity of thinking,

diverfity of langiiage, and diverfity of verfification.

25. Thc three beauties of Song: attraŵion, eloqucnce^

and boldnefs.

26. Thè three fwcets ofSong: facility of comprehenfion^

fprîghtlinefs of language, ai\d fweetly - foothing
thoughts.

27. The

19. Tri anhepgor Cerdd : awen-yryd, celvy4d-bwyll, a gwirionedd. ■

20. Tri thecäad Cerdd : hardd grebwyll, hardd berthynas, a hardd gyw«

rein-gamp ar vydryddu.
ai. Tri ardderçogrwydd Cerdd : godidawg iaith, godidawg yftyr, a godidr '
awg grebwyll.

22. Tri rhaid Cerdd : godidawg, arncan, fyn^yyr, a deunydd.

23. Trí harddwç Cerdd: mawl beb dnith,nwyvhebanlladrwydd, adyçan

hebferthyd.

24. Tri amrywiaeth Cerdd: amrywiaeth myvyrdawd, amrywiaeth iaîth, aQ

amrywiaeth colovyn cerdd.
^çj. Tri gwyçder Cerdd: hygaredd, hyaw^ledd, ac eonder.
a6. Tri melufder Cerdd: hawfder deall, trynwyy iaîth, a^ mwythus-bcr :
l vyvjrrdawd.

27. Tri

bàrdism; Ixiîîí

%y. Thc three el'egancics of Söng: a hîghly compre-w

henfive language, charming luminous thoughts, and

ingénious compofition.
^8. The things which give reliíh to a Song : diverfity of

language, diverfity of thinking, and diverfity of '

ílrufture in the metres.
ap. The three agreements that ought to be in a Song: bç-'*

tween digreflíion and uniformity, between an clevatcd

and eommon language, and betwéen truth and ihít.

marvellous.

30. The three things that improvc the Song: the ftudyktg

it thoroughly, the examining of it frecjuently, and
ejterting to the utmoft. >

31. The three appropriates of Song : its quantîty, its pur-
- pofe, and its occafion.

32. The three proprieties of Song: correâ: fancy, corrcft

order, and corred metre. • y

33. The three honours of Song i ihe verity of the^thîng

trèated of, the excellency òf it, and the ingenuity of
the manner in which it is managed.
-^ / :.:.,'' - ■ 35vThc^.

zy. Tri pheth blodeuawg ar Gerdd : yílyrbell i^\% goleu-feçr íynwyr, ^^

çywrain gelvyddyd.
^€. Tripheth àvinântvlâsarGerdd: amryyel iaith, amryvel vyvyrdawdt

ac amryyel gainc ar vefur.

29. Tri çyttundeb à ddylai vôd ar Gerdd : rhwng amryveiliant a çyvundeb,

rhwng rhagor-i^ìth, a çyfredin^iaith, a rhwng gwir a rhyveddawd.

30. Tú pheth à bair Gerdd yn dda : ei Uwyr vyvyriaw, ei mynyç çwiliaw^

ac oUawl ymegnia\f .
3 ;. Tri phríodoldeb Cerdd : ei maint, eì hamcan, a'i haçawjs.
32. Tri iawnder Cerdd : iawn grebwyll, iawn drevyn, ac iawn vyáyr.
áj, Tair urddas Çf rdd : gwired y peth à fonier am dano, godidoced v f^
u- " à feaier an> danO| a ^elvydded y duU à fonîçr am dano^^

í

|xaÓV BÀKZ>ISM.

^. Thc thrcc attraftions of Song: îts excellent novclty,

^afe of comprehenfion, anci correâ: poetry.
35« The three things which ought to pervade the Song :

perfed learning, perfeft vigour, and perfcâ: nature.
j6. ThethreeperfpicuitiesofSong: perfpicuous language,

fubjed, and intention.
37. The'thr-ee intentions of Song: to improve the under-

ftanding, to improve the heart,and to foothe the mind.
j8. The thf ee natural things in Song : a natural occafion,

natural language,and a natural regulation of the fancy.
59* The three aptnefles of Song: apt language, apt think«»

ing, and apt order in the compofition.
40. The three perfedions of Song : perfed language, pern

feöt inycntion, and perfeâ: art.
%i. The three materials of Sonjg: language^ iavention> and

«rt.
^. The three îndifpenfables of Language ; purity, copî»

òuíhefs, and aptnefs.

43- Tbc

f^. Tri hofder Cerdd: eî godîdawg nçwyddiant, yr hawfder o'i deall, a'l

çywraîn brydyddiaeth.
Jj. Tair trwyogaeth Cerdd: trylen, trynwyy, a thrynaws.

36. Trî gloywineb Cerdd: gloyw iaith, gloyw yíìyr, a gloyw ddibcn.

37. Tri diben Cerdd : gwellâu'r deall, gwellâuY galon, a diddanu'r roedd^rl.
JÖ. Tri gweddufder Cerdd : gwcddus açaws, gweddus iaith, a gweddus

dreyyn ar ddyçymyg.
39^ TryhoywderCerdd: hoyw îaith, hoyw vyvyrdawd, a hoyw <lrcvÿ» ar
y ganiadaeth.

40. Tri çyylawnder Cerdd: cyyiawn iaith, cyvlawn ddyçymyg, açyyjawi^

g€lvyddyd. -

41. Tri deunydd Cerdd : îaîth, crebwyll, a çelvyddyd.
j^ Jri anhepgor I^ith : purdcb, aarlcdd; ac by wcddi^t

ì

4^. The daree WÄy$ that a Languap^e may bc rCT<kred ç^
pious; fcy diverfifying fynonymous words, byava-
riety of compeund epithcts, ímd a jii.ul.tiformity pf
exprieffioi;i.

44« The three qualitics wherein con;íift thc purity of a
Laftguage : original formation, i;ife, and matt^.

45. The three branches of th.e aptitudç of a Laijiguage :

what h underftood, what afibrds pleafujre, s^mH w^
is believed.

46. The tbjcee fupports of Language; or4er,ftre»^b, ^i»4
. fyijonymy.

47. The three correft qualities of a Languag?: çorreft

conftruótion, corrcát etymology^ and corrc^ pjcp^
nunciatíoiu

48. The three ufes of a Lai^uage: to fektej to lescite,

and to defcribe.

49. The three things thw çonftiiute juft Deferiptîoti : juíl

feleétion of words, juft conftruftioa of laagua^e, and
juft çomparifon,

50. Thc

43. Taîr fordd yr amlêír laîth : amryvelu geîrîau cyv3%r, mfytodà gylm-

eirìflo, ac amrycybiU yin44r9iMM4.

44. Tair Gfnntúàyy p»rddb ar laiẃis ipn^ ^a6w44 pri^ pnar^phrîr

dileuiiy^

45. Tair cainc hyweddiant laîth : à ddëellir, à hofir, ac à gre4ir#

46. Tri içyafioFthwy laitb : treyyn, iiwyv, a igŵlybẃ,

^. Trî iwoder, y fy4d gr Iakb: iawa eirioUf i^a y»adid«qrtt9 tc iaw«
lcverydd.

48. ^air %y4d laitb: adnwdd, <:yniẁyrvu, a (fyyalii^

49. Trí pheth à bair \xm Dàf^i \»W HsrẂ^M Ẁ^ imnmẁyäAìi,

«Piiiwa^lytmt

50, Thethrcethmgs appertaining tòjuíl Seleétion : the beft

language, the beft order, and the beft objeft.

51. Thethree dialeéls of the WeUh Language : the Ven-

tefian, or Silurian, the Dimetian, and the Venedo-
cian; and it ís proper in Poetry to ufe all of them inv
difcriminately, agreeable to the opinìon, and authority
' ■ of the primitive Bards.

3». The thpee things ẃhich conftitute a Poct : genius,
knowledge, and impulfe.

53. íhe three primary purpofes of-a Bard with refped tö

Intention and Duty : to do the wiU q( God, to bene-
fit man, and to re^erence love.

54. Thc three primary excellôncies of a Bard: art fo

eafily comprchended that none can be fo generally
i fimple, a dignity of thinking not to be furpaffed ip^

appropriate fimphcity, and a fuperior originality not

to be excelled in natural fimplicity.
^5. The three duties of ^ Bard: juft compofîtion, juft

knowledge, and juft criticifm .

• . ' 56. The

50. Tri pheth y íỳdd ar îawn Ddewîs : y i^ith oreu, y drevyn oreu, a'^

gwrfhddiyç gopeu,

51. Tair llavarwedd y fydd ar y Gynmraeg : y Wennwyfeg, y Ddeheubar-
' • . "theg, a'r Wyndodeg; a çyyiawn ar gerdd ymarver â phob un o*r tair

ynghymmyfg, blith-dra-phlith, yn ol barn ac awdurdawd y priv
veirdd,

52. Tri pheth à wnânt Biydydd: ^wen, gwybodaeth, a çyniihyrviad.

83. Trì phriv amçan Bardd hei-wydd Pwyll a Dyied: boddiaw Duw^

llefòu dyn, a pharçu ferçogrwydd.
54. Tair priv orçeft Bardd : celvyddyd gyrwyddedei deall ni'sgellirqmflŵ
t YÌnaç o'r fymledd, godidawg in^vy]rdawd ni's geUir addafaç, ç'jf^

fymlcdd, a rhagorawl briodoldeb ni's gellir gwedduf^ç o'r lỳnoicdd. "
Í5í T:?p dyledfwyd^^Bardd; iawn ganu, iawn ddyfgu/ac îà^n várnu.

^6. Tŵ

Jbäh'diìm/ '3xxvlÌ

56. Thíthí'eehonoiirsof^Minílrel: ftreògthof îmagina^

tion, profundity of learning, and purity of morah.

57, The three exceUencies of a Minílrel: profound dif\

crimination of all things,complcte iUuftration, and

luminous cònipoíìtiòni / 1

^Ì. The three exceUcncies of Compoíìtionv: juft verfifica-

, : tiott, juft defcription, aìid juft arrangemtnt. • * ^

The Bards divided their.canons of verfification, or mc-
tricities,* into nine GorçanaUy elements of fong, or primary
j^rínciples, and fifteen Adlawiaid^ fecondary, or compàund
principles, making in aU twenty-four ; to ẅhich all poffibtó
Yarieties, and combinations of metres, in aný language, arc
jeducible. To thefe, and the laws of confonancy, accent,
and rhyme, the foUowing Triades are appUcable— »

1. The three requifîtes of ytírfification : metricity, con-

fonancy, and rhyme.

2. The three principles of Metçe: length of the veríè,

form of the ftanza, and the power of the acecnt.

Ì. ÌThc

56. Taîr rhagorgamp ar Gerddawr : cy vlawn ddynodiant ar bob pcth, cyr-

Iwyr vanegiant, a çyvlwy8 ganiadaeth. ^

57. Tri dyledogrwydd Cerddawr ; grymufder athrylith> cyvlawndcr dy%, %

glendyd ei gámpau.

58. Tair rhagoriaeth Canu : iawu vydryddu, iawn ddyvalu, ac iawa ym*

ddwyn.
* Th« term in the W^ljh ís Cyìjydeddauy for which, as well as fome others»
îhave been oblig^d to u<e words not common, by endeavouring to conrejr
the exa<El idea of the orìgìnals. .

' I. Tríanhépgor M^ídrýddiaeth: colovyn, cynghanedd, acawdyl.

a. Tri phriodoldeb Mefur : hyd y bà^, duU y pennilJ, a phwys yr acan.
- i 3. Tri

Iixvüi

BAHDim.

j. The thfee^ prîtnai'y diílinaions of Metrc : thcí Gowỳddi

the Ynglyn, and the Awdyl.
4« The three excellencics of Mctret corrcŵncfs, frecdoi»,

and lutrouDnious accent.

5. The three variations of Verfe : yariation of rneŵ-icîty,

varìation of conífonancy, atid variation of acCcnt.

6. Thc three primary principlcs of Confonatícy : the rhym-

ing confonancy, the alliterative confonancy, and thc
compound coníbnancy of rhyme and alliterat on.

By the nine Gorçattauy or canons of metricity^ are to be
undcrftood fo many varieties of lengths, or number óf fyl-
lables^ in a verfe, induding from four to twelve fyllables»-
Wng.adequate to every poíTible change that can be ufedy
agrceable to the laws of harmony. The names g£ ihcftí
metrical clcmcnts are—

jCyhdeydd,

-Vèr, Sy

11. 4 Short.

Gaeth,

5 ^Confincdé

Drofgyl,

6 Rugged.

Levyn,

7 Smooth.

Waftad,

8 Rcgular.

Draws,

9 Crofs.

Wèn,

lo Flowing.

Laes,

II Heavy.

Hîr,

12 Long.

Metricity.

3. Tri phrÌY rywiogaeth ar Vefuf : c«wydd, ynglyn, ac awdyl.

4. Trirhagoriaeth Mydyr: c}-wrciiideb, rhwyddincb, ac acanbêr.

5. Tri amrywiaeth Bàn: amrywiaeth cjfhydedd, amrywiaeth çyngjbaà*'

edd, ac amrywiaeth acan.
fi. Tair Cynghancdd y fydd o briv aofiiwdd; cyág^aiicdd ûia^cyBghan-
edd groes, a çynghaaedd lu%»

ìÊARjniMi haát

tht JÍJIamaid, fbcandary» or coinpoiiiid prlnäples, be«
îng fifteen in numbcr, arc all thc poffibfc varìety of combi*
nations of the GorçanaUy depending upon thc difierènc
lengths or quantity, and rhyme; thc firfl acifiag from a
jundtion of unequal verfes; and the latter from changcs, or
yaricty of rhymes : The names of the Adlawiûid arc<—

Bàn cyrç, Recurrent paufe*

Toddaid,. Conflucncy.

Triban milwr, Warrior's triplet.

Triban cyrç, Recurrent tripleú

Cowydd, Recitative.

Traethodyn, Compound Recîtative*
Proicft cad-wynawdyl, Combined alternaite rhynie;
Procft cy vncwidiawg, Combined vow«l' ahei nity,^

Clogyrnaç, Rugofity.

Uòftodyn, Cufpidaied ftrain.

Llamgyrç, Rccurrent tranfitioflu

Cadwyngyrç, Recurrcnt catciBitîoit^

Ynglyn, Continuity.

Cynghawg^ Complexityi

Dyri, Unconncŵed <}uantìqii

The CyngbaneJdy or confonancy, is generally termed alIU
teratiôn, the ríature of which is very impaffeëtSyfccn ia
Englijh' compofitions, compared with the regaîar fỳftem by
which it is governed in rhi^WelJh^ but to give a propec
analyfis of it wouid require too much at4;entìony fo k ftuili
bc paflTcd over, and a few words beftowed on the two rc-
maining heads of rhyme and quantity. There is nothing
peculiar in the rbyme, but that it \% required to be literally

perfeít

perfeft in all carcs. As to the metrical féet', or l}uafltrty,
the Welíh in this refpeft is the fame as the Latin poetryl
The feet are called Coruanau, of ẃhich there are feven,
under the following denomination—

Gorvan crwn

— loug fyllable.

Corvan byr —

' löng fyllable,

Corvan hir —

— fpondee*

Corvan cryç difgynedig

— daayl..

Corvan cryç derçavedig

— anapeft.

Corvan talgrwn

' iambic*

Corvan rhywiawg

— trochee.

I have been thus difFufe in noticing the Bardic fyftem of
poetç)[í for the fake of making known to the world
the exiftçnce of what is altogether original, and cu-
rìous. It has been a thing totally unknowr\, for ages, ex-
cept to thpfe few who were of the regular order of thc
primitive 3ards. It iicver was regularly known to ^the
Poets of WaleSy who.were not Bards * ; but thcy, and alfo
the muficians, had peculiar laws to themfelyes, far lefs per-
fed feenŷngly, and borrowed from llight hints, and înti-
mations, procured of this ancient fyftem o£ Britifti Bardifm.

. * It is a.lîttle unfortunate for the perfpicuity of this íketch that the ternl'
çiBard is become fynonymous with Poet. The latter charaéter I fliall pafs
oVer, with informing the reader, that he may meet with a variety of cu*
rious infoímation refpééting" him in Mr. E. Jones's Mufical and PoeticaÌ
Relics, thc fecond edition of which is now publifliing, gfèatly enlarged.

R£MARKS

kEMARKS

ON THB

WELStì ORTHOGRAPHY.

TH£RE are thirty-elght Letters in the Language; fixtèeh of thofe are
radicâls, that expreistheprimaiy founds; the others mav be called
fenriles^ üfed as the îníledions, or mutations of the firft; for each of which
there is a íimple appropriate chara<Eler. But ûnce the inyention of Printing,
ánd the introduétion of thè Roman Letters, it has been neceílàry» for want
of a fuffidèiit Yariety öf Letters caÄ for the fhir^fe, to adop{ two, and evcii
three of thofe Letters> to exprefs one found^ or charáâèr ; by which the fim«
pliciò^ and beauÿ of the proper Âlphabet of the Language is loft.

Nò Létoér haá àüý Vàrìàtion of found, cxcept the accented v(ìwels, which
are lengthened, or otherwife^ according to tlie poẅer öf tHb acccnt; and all
are pronounced, as there are no mutes. The foUoẃing are the Letters that
differ iii poẃer firom the Engliíh Letters;

C, iä always as a JT;

C, is a gutteraU as ^, or H, generally ejgpreíTed by C/&.

Dd, founds like THf in Tbèi

G, always as G in ^

I, as ee^ in Been»

Ll, as an afpirated Li

Ü, as /, in Sin.

W, Ì8 a vowel likc o», in Sooa»

Y9 is like u in Bumi

C A N I A D A U

LLYWARC HEN.

MARWNAD GERAINT AB ERBIN,
TriFrsAtrG DrrNAim.ia)

PAN ahed Geraint oedd agoitd pyrúi ney,
RhoddaiGriftàarçed»
Fryd mirain Prydain pgoned.

Moled pawb y rhudd Eraint,
Arglwydd; inolav innau Eraint,
Gelyn i Sais» car i faint.

Rhag Geraint gelýn dyhad^ [h)
Gwelais i veirç cymmrudd o gad, (r)
A gwedy gawr garw bwyilíad.

(j) LU ërath Manmad GenliiC ab Etb!ii t JÊreUi Ctan o EruaC ab Erbîo. Tri LIyag«
efawg YnyiPrydaiat Geraint ab Erbiji| GwenwyBiipiabNaT$ a Marj ab Meirchiawiu
(0 Glyndihat. CT» /ÿjÿr r Glynii dUiat, ArslU
(r) Gweleiiynirchkya>rtttogat} w^mawiidd*

TMB

ÊLEGIËS AND OTHER PIECÉS

^ LLYWÁRÇ HEN.

ËLEÖŸ ÜPOfí GËRAINT AB ERBIN,
PRINCE OÊ DEf^On. {a)

WHËN G£kÀii^t was born the gates of heayeiì were ogm^
Christ then granted what was requefied>
A countenance beautifuli the gl(»y díBritûtn.

Let all celebrâte the recl-ftäitìed GermnÈ
Their lord ; [ wiU àlfo praife Geraint^
The Sa9í$n\ foe^ the friend of làints»

Before Gfraìnî^ ẁe tetrifier of die foe>

I faw the fteeds hagged with mutual toil from hattle,

Whetes after tht ihout was {^ven| frightful dee^ b^il*

(«) Üermm A ËrH» wtf commandtr of a fleet of áilpt fitted oat bj tliê Britofu to oppol^
the Soonti aod ht Itll fiilitiiig agtinft them» aboüt the ycalr 530* There wert two otht^
piîiicea of tht name of Gtrẁt^ în CommmSi one of whom was alive In 5S99 and the other la
720. Whcn the yellow ptague was depopolatîng lKr&f, and among the left» had carrîed tM
MäelinÈ Gnpuddf Tri/M'then bifliop of Líënáëv^ and hftn\ áttendanti came into CSom*
«m//, nnd wat hindly enttrtaintd hy Gefaiat. Frora thcnct Teil0m ptflèd o?er tnto Ar m ê*
rieaì and afcer ftayîiig near dght yeart» being itpon hít fetom to ff^aleSf Tifited Geraint agaiii(
and fottiid him opon hit death-bed* Morl, Abì, of Cornwsll, f* 37 1. The Oergint mtn»
tfoned m the Séuton Cbroniçlt to bt st war with hê, abomt tfae jtar 7 i«f la th« hft t£ thtlhifS
^tbataaine»

Ba

MARWNAD GERAINT AB EUIir*

Rhag Gcraînt gelyn cythrudd, (a)
Gwelais i veirç tan gymmrudd, (i)
A gwcdy gawr (c) garw açludd.

Yn Llongborth gwelais drydar,

Ac elorawr yn ngwyar,

A gwyr rhudd rhag rhutbr efgar.

Rhag Geraint gelyn ormcs, (d)
Gwclais meirç can eu creës ;
A gwedy gawr garw açes,

Yn Llongborth gwebis i wythaint,

Ac elorawr mwy lîo tnaînt,

A gwyr rhudd rhag rhuthr Geraînt I

Yn LIoRglK)rth gwelais wacdfrau,

Ac clorawr rhag arvau,

A gwyr rhudd rhag rhuthr angau.

Yn Llongborth gwelaìs î ottoyw (e)
Gwyr ni giliynt (/) rhag öÝri gwayw,
Ac yved gwin o wydr gloy w*

Yn Llongborth gwelais i vygedorth^
A gwyr yn goddc ammorthy
A gorvod gwcdi gorborth*

{s) LL arall s Gelya cyftudd.

{ò) Neu gymryd, neu gymryiidi nei grymnidi»

(c) Neu guawr, neu gw«wr«

(J) Neu gdein ormei.

(«) Neu otteu. .

{/) Neu gyllynt, neu gylyo.

ELECY UPON GERAINT AB ERBIK,

Before GeratnU that breathed terror on thc foe,

I faw fteeds bearing the maimed íharers of their toil j

Apd aftef the fliout of war a fearful obfcurity.

At Llongborth {a) I faw thc noify tumult,
And biers with the dead drenchéd in gore,
And ruddy men from the onfet of the foe.

Before Geraìnt^ the molefter of the enemy,

I faw the fteeds white with foani,

AndLafter the íhout of battle a fearíul torrent*

At Llonghorth I faw the rage of flaughter,

And biers with flain innumerable,

And red-ftain'd men from the aílàult of Geralnt.

At Llonghorth I faw thc guíhing of blood,
And biers with dead from the rage of weapons,
And red-ftain'd men froin the affault of death.

In Llonghorth I faw the quick-impelling fpurs

Of men, who would not flincb from the dread pf the fpear,

And the quaffing of wipe Qut of the hright glafs. {h)

In Lknghorth I faw a (hioalcing pile,
And men enduring the want of fuftenance,
And defeat, after the excefs of feaftings«

(a) The Havtn of SbiŷSf fome harbour oq th« fouth coaft, probably Portfmouth^
{b) It (eemi, from a number of authorici^s, rhat the Britoni were very early «cauainted vJ^h
ûk<t procefs of making glafs. The vitrified Forts in Scot/anäf are an indifputab)e proof ; aild
theDruid Beads, or Adder Stonei, we muft own to be yitrified by art, ór we muft credit th«
cominonopinionof the country, that they are blown by fnak«s, in thc manner deftribad by
f %• Strange aa thia opinion may feem, thcre are peopic in ^a/f<, who ftill fumiih thc tvU
9Qi vri(h Addcr Scaoeti thus proçored, as they fay, at a partícular timc of thc fttmmcr.

B3

JÌAIIW)7AZ> OEltAtKT AH X|L1II?«

Yn Llongborth gwelais i arraii
Gwyr, a gwyar yn dineut

A gwedì gawr garw adneiif

«

Yn Llongborth gwiel^is gyfmnÌQ2|c| {«)
Gwyr yn ngryd, a gwaed ar '4d»
Rhag Gcramt mawr mẃ ci dâd.

Yalrlongborth gwelais drabludd

Ar fain, brain ar gplud(|f

Ac ar gràn cyniim oian-rudd. (i)

Vn Llopgbonh gwelais î vrithred
Gwyr ynghyd, a gwaed ar draed ;
** A vo g^ryr i Er^t, bryfied !*•

Yn Llongborth gwelajs yrwydrin {c)
Gwyr ynghyd, (d) a gŵaed hyd ddçulint
Rhag rhuthr ipawr tni|b ]^rbin.

Yn Llongborth y Ilâs Geraint,
Gwr dcwr (e) o goettir Dyynaint,
Wyn^Wy yn lladçi gyd a*| Ileddgint, (f)

(äY^tn, Gymman^t.— NîfJ yw y pf pnîll fcwn yn y If: O^h \ taM jfW jr Bwn 4 %uS^ jm
fyt o frai^ yr un pn, yr hwn fydd hevyd yn > íl; />» ■ «i

yn U'>ngborth gwelait gyni»Tiyn adt,M iw|

l*orthidgn<v pob'cynnivUdt
^b) Netiy Ac ar gravvn C^nran madr^dd«
(f) Neu, Ryw drin.
(J) Neu, Gwyr rhu^hr«
(#) Nep, (Owy- dewr.
(/) Neuy A c^yu ry Ueddid h^y Uaddyireii^tf

In Umghûrth I ÙLVf tfae weapons

Of heioes, with gore faft dropping»

Aiid afier the Ihout a feaiíul cetum tDcardi*

In Uonghortb I íàw tfae edges of bladei fai contaâ,
Men furrounded With tern>ur, and blood on the brow»
Before Germntj the great fon of his &then

In Lbngbortb I faẁ hard toiling

Amidft the ftones, rayens feafting on cntrails,

And on the chieftain's brow a cnwSoa ga|h. {a)

At Lbnghortb I faw a tumultnous running
Of men togetbery and blood about the feet !-—
** Tboiè tbat m tbp men of Gfraint make hafte l''

In Uongborth I {kw a confufed oonfliâ,
Men ftrÌYÌng tog^her» and blood to the Lnees,
From the afiàult pf the great fon of Erbinf

At Uonghortb was Geralni flain,

A ftrenuous warrior ftom the woodland cSJ)y%mtnty (h)

Slaughtering h& foe$ as he fcll.

(4) AlliidîngproUUyto0<r«niff ÙLtmuiAagùîCynréni^JtrJtỳêrit^âHri whldifeemi
to be an cpithet for the eldeft fon, or reprefentatWc of thc Itmily } anoding to the I4W of G».
TcUundy by which the yoonger child wai to malte the diyifion % and the eldeft had the choice,
Of firft fliare*

{h) X>jrvMjjii impliei a country abounding wlth deep ▼alets and !• the anclent ntmc of
Di^MiJhtrf^ and (rom which the modm EBgUih nimie of Dtfoa i« o^oobtedly derîved»

ITJI&WNAD GEHAINT AB SHBIN.

Yn Llongborth llâs i Arthur
Qwyr dcwr, cymmynynt a dar ; (a)
Aininherawdyr, Uywiáwdyr llalrar. -

Pedd re redaint dan Torddwyd Gtraint;^

Garhirion, grawp hydd,

Jlhuthr goddaith (b) ar ddifaith yynydd*

ped^ re r^daînf dan yorddwyd Gpaàut^
Garhirîon, grawn odcw, (0
Jlhuddion, rhuthr eryron glew.

Oedd re redaint dan vorddwyd Geraint.
parhirìon, grawn wehyn, (d)
Rhuddion, rhuthr eryrpn gwyn.

pedd re redaint dan vord<íwyd Geraint^
Garhirion^ grawn yoloç,
Rhuddion, rhuthr eryrçwi cpç.

Oedd re redaint dan yorddwyd Geraintt
Garhirion, grawn eu bwyd, Çe)
Rhuddion, rhuthr eryron Uwyd.

Oedd re redaint dan yprdd\fyd Geraint,
Garhirion, grawn addas,
Rhuddion, rhuthr eryron glas.

(át) liTcii, CjntoifiA o 4iir«

(i^) Neu, Twrv goddaîẃ.

(c) Neu, Orawo odeu j neii, Gnwa o i

Id) Ncii, Yehyn.

(#) Nca, Orawiieiibwjr^

^LEGY UP(>K OERAINT AB £&M»«

At Lhnghorth were llain to Arthur

Valiant mcn, who hewed down with ftcel ;

Hc was the fsmpcror, and conduâor of the tDÌl crf* war«

Under die thigh of G^â/Wwere fwift raceFS,

With long lcgs, that fcíl cm ihe grain of the dccr,

Their courfe was like the confuming fire on the wild hills. {a)

Under the tfiigh of Geratnt were fleet runncrs,

With long hams, fattened with corn ;

Thcy were fcd opes \ their afiàuit Was like thè bold eaglcs;

Under GçrainH thigh were flect ninncr»,

With long legs, they fcattered ^bout the grain ;

\^hey were f pddy ; ^ieir aflault was like the ẅhite caglcs.

Under Geraínt*s thîgh were fleet runners,

With long legs, high-mettled, fed with graîn ;

Thcy >yere rudd v ^ bold tbeir aflíàult, like the rçd caglcs»

Under Geraitit^s thigh were fleçt racers,

]LK)ng their legs ; their food wa$ corn ;

JKed were they ; fierce their courfe, like the brown eaglcs.

Swift racers werc under the thigh of Geraìnt ;
Their legs were long ; thcy well dcfcrved the grain ;
Red were thcy ; bold their courfe as the grcy eaglcs*

(«) Goddaîth, if a term app'ied to tlie bufnî/ig of furte, or heatb, onthe mountaUis; wbidl
ÍM done tt feafonahlc times oí the year*

Oedd re redaint dan vorddwyd Geraioty
Garhirion» grawn ▼agu,
Rhuddion, jrhutbr eryrpn du.

Oedd re redaint dan yoiddwyd Çremint^
Garhirion, grawn gwenîth, («)
Rhpddioo, rbutbr eryroi^brith.

Oedd re redaint dan vQrddwyd Genûnta
Garhîrìon, grawn anchwant^
Blawr, Uaeo eu rhawn yn ariant. (^)

(s) Neny Graw» iwtnîtiu

^àì Meu» Bl^r Wau eirîawn ;ii anasU

£LEGY UPOK GERAINT AB E&BIlf. |X

Swîft racers wcre under the thîgh of Geraint ;

Whofe lcgs were long ; they wcrc rcarcd up with com,

They were red ones ; their afiàult wa$ a$ ŵe black cagles.

Çwift; raccrs wcrc «nder the thi gh of Gtreint ;

Whofe legs werc long ; wheat thcir com ;

7hey red oncs were ; their aflàult was as tfie fpotted eagles»,

Swift racers were nndcr ŵe thigh of Geraiut ;
Whofe lcgs were long; they weie fatiated with grain ;
Thejf wcrc grty» wîä^ tails tipt with filvcr.

J

C n ]

Y GORWYNION.

GORWYN blaen òn, hir-wỳnîon yyddant^
Pan dyvant yn mlaen naint:
Bron gwla hiraeth ei haint^

Gorwyn bìaen naint dewaînt hir;
Ceinmygir pob cy wraint :
Dyly bun pwyth hun i*haint. (a)

Gorwyn blaen helyg ; eîlyg pyfg yn Uyn ;
Goçwiban gwynt uwç blaen gwryfg mäa
Treç anian nag addyfg.

Gorwyn blaen eithin ; a çyvrin a doeth,
Ac annoeth dyfgethrin ;
Namyn Duw nid oes dewin.

Gorwyn blaen meiliion ; digalon Uwvr ; (i)
Lluddedig eiddigion : (c)
Gnawd ar eiddil ovaIon,

Gorwyn blaen cawn ; gwythlawn eiddig,
Ys odid. a*i digawn : (ä)
Gweithred call yw caru yn iawn. (e)

(4) Ll. Du, Dyly bun puyth hun y heînt. .

{b) Neu, DicUon llyfur; aeu, dîgallon Uyfur.

(r) Neu, Lludedic eigyawn \, neu^ Uudedic eidyawo 5 nea^ lludedîc edj^yon*

{d) Neuy ys odid ae digaun.

(c) Neuj Oueitbred caU yn cani yn iaua*

í 13 ]

THE GORWYNION. (a)

THE tops of the afli gliílen, that are whîtc and ftatcly,
When growing on thc top of the dingle :
Tbe breaft rackt with pain, longing is its complaint.

Briglidy glitters the top of the pliffat thc long midnight hour i

Every ingenious perfon will bc honoured:

'Tís theduty of the fair, to aíFord fleep to Iiim that is in paim

Brightly gliften the willow tops ; the fiíh are mcrry în thc lalccs,
Blufteríng is thc wind over the tops of thc fmall brandhcs:
Nature oycr learning doth prevaU.

Brightly gÜften the tops of furzc ; havc confidence wîth thc wifc,
But from the unwife tear thyfelf afar ;
Befidcs God, there is none that fecs futurìty.

Brightly gliften the cIover tops ; thc timid has no heart ;
Wearicd out are the jealous ones : "
Cares attend the weak.

Brîghtly gliften thc tops of reed-grafs ; furious îs thc jealous,

If ady fliould perchance ofFcnd him ;

•Tis thc maxim of the prudent to Iove with íinccrity»

(«) There U a dlfficulty în findîng an Engliíh word that can g1ve thé txkÙ. îdeiof thlf tîtie %
ft means thingi that have a very bright ẁhitenefs, or gHrt^^orttftaftts»

The laft lihe of thefe verfes generally contains fome moral maxim, unconneâed with the
preceding» except in the metre } it ii a plan to aflìft the memory pradHfed by the BeirJd, ìm
coAveyÌDg thcir inftruŵîon by oral meansi wichout bcîng liablc to be corruptedt

14 Y ÖolW^'HtOIÍ*'

Gorwyn blaen mynyddedd rhag anhunedd gâéarf
Llawn crùl cawn ; trwm yw trawfedd :
Rhag newyn nid oes wyledd.

Gorwyn blaen mynyddedd hydyr ocrvcI gaear;
Crhi cawn ; crwybyr ar vedd ;
Çwcyris gwall yn alltudedd.

Gorwyn blaen derw, çwcrw brîg òn,
Rhag hwyaid gwefgeraid tòn :
Pybyr twyll j pell oval i^m calon,,

Gorwyn blaen derw, çwerw brig ôn ;

Çwçg cvwr ; (a) çwerthiniad tôn : •

Ni çêl gtudd gyftudd calon*

Gorwyn blaen cgroes ; nîd moes caledî
Çadwed bawb ei eirioes: {í)
Gwaethav anav yw anvoes.

Gorwyn blacn banadyl ; cynnadyLì fcrçawg 3

Goryelyn cangau bacwyawg ;

Bas rhyd ; gnawd hy vryd yn hunawg*

/
Gorwyn blaen avall ;'amgall pob dedwydd;
Hirddydd merydd mall ; ^

Çrwyhyr ar wawr carçarawr dall. (c)

(«) Neu, Cbuec Evyr Cbuertlilnat toiin«

{t) Neuy K.atuet bawb y eiryoes.

{c) Neu^ Cruybyr anuur carchmor iúU

Brightly glare the tops of mountains from the bluílẁiíig of wintcfi
Full are the ftalks of reeds ; heavy is opprd&on :
Agaìnft £unine, baíhfulnefs wiU vaniíh.

Brightly glare èie tops of mottntains aflailM by winttr cold ;
Brtttle are the reeds ; the mead is incrufted over ;
Playful is the heedlels in baniíhment

Bright are the tops of the oaks, bitter are the aíh br&nches ;
Before the ducks the dividing waves are feen :
£onfident is deceit ; care is deeply rooted in my he&rt*

Brig^tly gUften the tòps of the oaks, bitter are the aíh branehes ;
Sweet is the flieltering hedge ; the wave i$ a ndfy grinner ;
The cheek cannot conceal the troubk of the heart. (a)

Brìght is äie top of thè eglantine ; hardfliip difpcnifet with fbrms ; (i)
JL.et evcry one keep his fire-fidc :
The greateft blemifti is ill mannen^

Bríghtly glitters the top of the brûom ; n^ay the Iover have ä Kome ;
Very yellow feem the cluftered branches ;
Siallow îs the ford ; lleep vifits the contented mind.

Brightly .glitter» äie top c^ die apple^tree ; the proíperous b circttmfpeâ *
In the long day the ftagnant pool is warm;
Thick is the veil on the light of the blind ptiíbner.

(4) Thls ftaota feemi to bc but a 4iffcff nt rfadlag «f thc |^recc4îog coc»
W Ncceffity hii ao hm,

l6 Y CORMTYNIOir»

Gorwytt bláen coll gcr Digoll brc ; (a)
Diaele vydd pob foll ; (ò)
Gweithred cadam cadw arvolL

Gorwyti blaen corfydd, gnawd merydd yn drwm^

A ieuanc dyfgedydd ;

Ni thyr, (c) namyn fôl y fydd.

Corwyn blaen eleftyr, bid veneítyr pob drud ;
Gair teulu yn yfgwn ;
Gnawd gan anghywir air twn.

Gorwyn blaen grug gnawd feuthug ar Iwvyr ; (d)
Hydyr vydd dwvyr ar dàl glàn :
^ Gnawd gan gywir air cyvan».

Gorwyn blaen brwyn ; cymmwynbîwj
Rhedegawg vy neigyr heddiw,
Amgeledd a dyn nid ydìw.

Gorwyn blaen rhedyn raielyn cadavarth
Mor vyddbuarth deillion -, (e)
Rhedegawg mana,wg meibion. (/)

Gprwyn blaen cyriawal ; gnawd goval ar hen ;
A gwenyn yn ynial ;
Namyn Duw nid oes dial.

(</) Ncu, Geyr dîgyll bre.
(i) Neu, DiaclNyd pob íoìU
(c) Neoy Na thyr.
(J) Nctty Gnaut fcutbu ar ]yfur<
(«) Neu, Morfyd duarth deillon*
{/) Neuy Manaa mcibon*

TH3R GORWYNIOH*

Vei7 gHttetlng are the hazel tcpe by tbe hiU of Dig
Eveiy prudent one will be free from harm ;
*Tis the aól: of the mighty to kecp a treaty.

Gllttering are the tops of the reeds ; the fat ate diowfj
And the young imbibe inftru£tion ;
INTone but the fooliíh will break the faitb.

Glittering is the top of the liUy ; let eyery bold one be a drÌDker ;

Thé word of a tribe is fuperior ;

'Tis ufual for the unjuft to break hìs word»

Bright are the tops of heath ; mìfcarriage attends tbe timid ;

Boldly Iaves the water on its banks :

'Tis the maxim of the juft to keep his word,

The tops of the ruíhes glittcr ; tíic kine are gentle ;
Rünning are my tears this day,
Social comfort from man there is not.

Glitterìng are tlie tops of fem> yellow is ẁe wild marygold ;
The fea is a fencc for blínd ones ;
Swift and a6live are the young men.

Glittering are tbe tops of the ícrviçc tree ; care attcnds thc old ;
And bees frequcnt thc wilds ;
Venge^cc only to God bcbngs.

[a) There îi as estenfiye mountaln in the ncìghboiirhoo4 of Mootgomery called Ctwt
P'igoU-^ whìch may bt the fame at the ont here meiitionc4«

Porwyn blaep dâr didor drychin ;
pwenyn yn uçel, geuvel crin ;
pnawd gan rcwydd ryçwcrthii).

porwyn blaen celli, gogyhyd yfwydd, {a}
A dail deri dygayddyd ; (b)
A wyl à gâr gwyn ei vyd \

Oorwyn blaen derw ; opr-vcrw dwvyc ;
Cyrçyd bwy blaen bedwerw;
pwnelid aeth faeth y (yberw.

porwyn blaen celyn caled, ac efeill aür agored ;

Pan gyfgo pawb ar gylçcd,

TS'ì çwfg Duw pan rydd gware^.

porwyn blaen helyg hydyr elwig,
Gorwydd hirddydd derlycdig ;
A çaro eu gilydd ni's dig.

Gorwyn blaen brwyn, brîgawg wydd ; (c)
Pan dýner dan obenydd,
iMteddwl fcrçawg fyberẅ vydd.

Gonyyn blaen yíbyddad ; hydyr wyliad gorwydd,
Gnawd ferçawg erlyniad ;
Gwnelid da diwyd gènad.

Gorwyn blaen berwr ; byddinawr gorwydd f
Cei ngy vreu cocd i lawr ;
Çweryd bryd wrth a garawr,

(a) Neu, gogyhyt yẁyd.
{h) Neu, A dçil derî dygaydyU
(f) Neo, Brigawg vyd.

TME GORWYKIOK. tÇ

Brightly glitters the top of the oak ; inceflànt U the tempeft ;
The becs are high in their flight, brittle is the charr'd bruíhwood ;
The wanton is apt to laugh too frequeifitly.

The hazelgrove brightly glitters, cven and unîform feem the bralces ;
And with lcayçs the oaks envelope themfcWes ;
Happy is he who fees tbe< one he Ioves |

G|ittcring fcems the top of the oak ; coolly purls the ftream ;
I wiíh to obtain the top of the birchen grove ;
Abruptly goes the arrow of the haughty to give pain.

Brightly glittcrs the topof the hard hoUy, that çpcnsits goldçnIcavc8 ;

When all are afleep on the furrounding walls,

God flumbers npt when he mean? tó give dcliverançe.

Glittering are the tops of the wiUows, brittle and tendcr;
In the long day of fummer the war-horfe flags,
Thofe th^t haye iputual friendíhip wiU not pffend,

Glittering are thc tops of ruíhes, thc trces a^e fuU of br^nches ^
When drawiii pndcr thc pillow, t^

The waptpn mind wiU be haughty. (a)

Brigl^t îs the top of (he hawthorn ; cpnfldçnt is ^he íìglit of {I^ç (Iped ;

It bchoycs the dependant to be grateful j

May it bc goo4 what the fpecdy mpflçnger brings.

Glittering are thc tops of çrieflbs ; warlikc is fbe fteed \
Trecs are fair ornaments of the ground ;
Joyful i^ the fou| with the pne it lpv^s,

(a) There ît »d obfcutìty |n th!i flanm $ a^s !t !• not cletf wl^ether the mîddle llne ii con»
fieâed with thç ûi^, of Uft* l( with chc firft, thc true rcadÌD^ ^ in the notei oí ya^îoui
rtêd'Mgt*

^ Ç2

%0 X OORWYKIOV.

Gorwỳn bben perfh ; hywérth gorwydd 5
Ys dt pwyll gyda ncrth ;
Gwnelid anghelvydd annertb.

Gòrwyn bláen perthi, ccingyvrcii jidâr,
Hir ddydd dawn goleu ;
Trugar daphar Duw gorcu,

Gorwyn blaen erwain, ac elaih yn llwyn |
Gwyçyr gwynt gwydd ni gywain ; (0)
Eiriawl ni go|:awl, ni gyngain. '

Gorwyn bla^ yígaw, hydr anaw unîg \
Gnawd taer i dreiliaw ; (b)
Gwall a ddwg daphar o law. (r)

(j) Ncu, Guycbyr guynt gvy«ld-nî{yeÌA«

(t) Neu, Gnauty dreiiryau.

{c) Neu, Gual a duc ázffax lau*

f Hlî GOIÌWYNION. Sl

Brìghtly glares the topof the buíh, valuable is the flced;
Reafon joined with ftrength is eíFeélual ;
L.et the uníkilful be Yoid of ftrength.

Glittering are the tops of the brakes, bîrdsare their fair jewels ;
Thelorig day is the gift of the radiant light,
Mercy was formed by God, the moft beneficent*

Glittering are the elmwèed tops, fwcet the mufic of the grovc ^
Boifterous amongft the trees the wind doth whiftle ;
Interceding with the obduraoa wiü not avail.

Glittering are the tops of elder-trèes ; bold is the íblitary fongfter ;

Accuftomed is the violent to opprefs ;

£y want of care the food in hand may be loft. (á)

(a) Want of regular coHneâion îs obferYable în this poem ; but perfaaps mucfa of tfaat arires
from ottr bejng ignorant of myftical allufionc that mtgfat have been anciently intended by tfae
Tarious fcenes tfaat are mentioned. AU tfaat can now be done Ìs to gîve tfae literaforcel of
the words«

{

[ 11 ]

MARWNAD URÌEN REGED,

DYM cyyarwyddiad ynhwç dywäl, («)
Baran yn nghyvlwç ; (i)
Gwell yd ladd riog yd ydolw^.

Dym cyfarwyddiad ynhwç ; dyẃaì

Dywedyd yn nrws Lleç,

*^ Dunawd vab Pabo ni thcç.**

Dym cyfarwyddiád ynhwç dywal, çwcrw, (r)
Blwng çwerthin mor ry vel dorvlocddiad,
Urien Reged grcidiawl gravcL

Eryr gâl ỳn hwç glcw hacl, {d)
Ry vel goddig buddig vaei,
Urien greidiawl gavael. {e}

{a) Ll. Du, t>ymJcywârwy4yitttiihttchdywal*
^L/. Cof. DÌm cyfarwyddiad yn Hwch dywaU
{b) Barau ynghyfolwch ; neu, Baran ygltyoluch.
(c) LU Diá* Dym lcywarwydat unhuch dywal
Chwcrthin mor ryvel donrioedyat
Urìen Reged greidyaul gravelA
Ll, Cof* Dim cyfarwyddiad yn Hwch d^ywal» chwéfW
Blwng chwerthin mor rhyfel
Daríloeddiad t^rien Reged graiddUìl:.
(d) LL Co^. Graiddiol eryr gal yn Hwch gleu haul rhyfel
Goddig buddig fael
Crìen greiddiol gafaeL
{f) LhJ>u. Urieo grudyawl gavaeU

È «3 3

ELEGÝ ON URIEN REGED. («)

£T me be^ided onward» thou aíhëiì fpéarof deatíiy (b) fierctf
Thy look in the mutual confliâ: ;
^Tis bettet that thou íhould kiU» thán parley on terms«

îrCt mè be gÜided onward, thou aíteii thrùôcr • fiercely

Was it faid in the pafs of Lleç

** Durtùwdúit fon (ÁPàbo wiU iiever fly !*'

Let mè be guided onẃaird; thou fierce àíhen ffííìat j bittet

Ând fulien as the maddening fea was tl^e hoarfe íhouting of the ẃâf ,

Whfe^e the fiehft fòul oÌF Urien raged.

Like the èagte, \c) á ifoe widi an äflieii fpeaí*^ t)òld aîid getieroüs,
The torment of thc war, fure df conqueft,
Was Urìen ẅith tKe ficiy grafp.

(*) Sec fome accòunt of liîm în the Ìîfe of Lÿwtfrfi-p-He was one oif' tíic grtáteft en«
touragers of the Barâà of his age ; efpecially oflTûliefin j and of Trift'uardd^ his domeftic bard,
none of whofe worlcs have reacbed our time. TaluJÌH enumèrates ten great battJes fought by
Uríen, againft thc Saxons\ ar.d he was flain^rreachcroufly about the year 567.

(b) In thc original Tnbw^i or thc jíjhen Tbrujitr \ and which is alfo a prop^r name of men ;
and it has been taken by f mc to be fo in this poem ; but by talcing into confìderacion all the
pafiìiges wherein the word occurs, it feems moft natural to talce ic in thc fenfe as if the Bard was
áddrefling his fpearì ^»^ b^^t oh rcycnging the death of his fricnd.

(r) Rryr Gál, ìú thè origihai : Gal fignifies a Gaul, and alfo an enemy i thus it feems that
thc Selgic Gaals wcre thë earlìcíl, and greateft molefters of the Cynni'ry ^ hence a Gaul and an
ânemy were confi lcrcd as fynonym us.

24 MARWNAD VEIE9 HECEfl^

Gavael Eryr Gâl ýn hwç (a)

Berçen enawr,

Cell llyr, cain ebyr gwyr glawr*

Pen a borthav o vy nhu, (i)
Bu cyrçynîad'rhwng dcu-Iu, (c)
Mab Cynvarç balç bieuvu !

Pen a borthav ar vy nhu : Pen Uríeil«

Llary, lly w ei lu ; (d)

Ac ar ei vron Wen fran ddu Ì

Pen a borthav mywh vy nghrys : pen Urient

Llary Ilywiai Iys ; (e)

Ac ar €i vron weii! vran ai hỳs I

Pen a borthav i'm neddair,(y)
Eryr eçwydd, oedd ni gair ; (g)
Teym-vrön trcuh^d gynniwair» (bj

(«} LL Dm, Eryr gal unhuch berchen enaar

Kell Uyr ebyr guyl glaur*
{h) LL Du* Pen a borthay a untu \ nei^ a bu ta*

Lh Coŷ, Pen a borthay a ynty.
{c) LU Dtt, By kyrch ynat rug deutUé
(d) LUDu, Pen a borthay ar yyntn

Pen Urien Hary llyu eilu»
(«) LI. Coŷ* Llary Uyw eu llys.
(/) LLCof, Fedeîr.
(jf ) LU Dtt. Yryr echwydd aedd yugeU 3 neu^ yrrechwyd, ftcé

LUCof, YrerechwyddaeddnageiU
{b) LUCof» Gcnweìr*

EIECY ON URISN REGED» ,ft^

fThe JE'tff /^ of Gi/ holds the puíher of thc fpear's

Soul in poflblËoii,

la tbe cell of the water of the fmooch inlets with green furface^ (^?)

1 bear by my fide a head,

That has been an aflaulter between two hoíls*—

The fon of Cynvarç^ magnanimous he has been ^ {b)

I bear by my fide a head : tf^e'head of Urien^

The mild leader of his army . —

And on his white bofom the fable ravea is perch'd !

I bear in my íhirt a head : the head of UrìeHj

Xhat governcd a court with mildncfe :~

And on his white bofom the fablc ravcn doth glut«

A head I bear in my hand,

He that was a foaring eagle, whofe like will not be had ; '

His princely breaft is aflàiled by |he devourer {c)

(4) Thîc fiansa begîns wlth Eryr Galt nke the preccdiog $ bvt 1t !s here leaéered 1« t <
trary fenfe; whlch is rîght is very doubtfal. This laft ftanza is very obfcure alcogetheri aa4
íéemiiigly incomplete !n the middle line.

(h) The preceding partof the Elegy breathee revenge, but here it changes to lameat tfae fafte
of UrkM» It feems tbat Llywarç fecured the head of his friend j if he aâually did fo, what
^as the inteotion ? Does it not allude to (bme cuftom peculìar to the Britont ?

(r) This Elegy has fufiered by tranferibingy as may be feen by the Tarìous readîogs | bttt
whether the reading adopted is the beft, mutt be left to the Wclíh critícs^ witbout a traiií!a«
û»nf left the Engiiih reader ftiould be tired with triftei.

1

Pen a borthav tu morddwyd,

öedd yfgwyd ar ei wlad, oedd olwyn yn nghâ(í^

Oedd cledyr cywlad (a) rhwydd. (*)

Pen a borthav ar vy nghledd,
Gwell ei vy w, nog yt ei vedd ;
Oedd dinas Ì henwredd. (c)

Pen a borthav o Gpdîr Pènawg) (d)
^ Pcllyniawg ei luŷdd : (e)
Urien geiriate'g glodryd<L

Pen a borthav ar vy yfgwydd,
Ni*m anrollai waradwydd — (/)
Gwac vy Uaw, Uadd vy arglwydd I

Pen a borthav ar vy mraîç,
Neus gorug o dir Brynaiç ; (g)
Gwedy gwawr gelorawr veirç.

Pen a borthav yn angad vy llaW|
Llary udd Uy wiai wlad ; (h)
Pen poft Prydain ryallad*

(a) Ll. Dtt» Oedd cledyT cad cywla<) ; neu, Oed tltdft Cld cfmítái
(^) Ll* Cê^, Oedd yfgwyd ar ei wJad|

Oedd owyn ynghad cywUd rwydd*

(f) LL Du* Gwell y yyu.noc yt y yed

Oedd dinasy henured.
\Ì) Neuy Godir pennauc 3 neu, Gorddir pennbÿ#
(e) LL Du» Penllynyawc y Tuyd.
{/) LL Cof. Ny marfyilai wîr at wydd.

(g) LL Co^, Nys goruc o dir Bryneicht
{b) LL Du, Llaryud llywyei wlat.

LL Cof. Llarywydd llyW ei wlad.

'EIÊGÝ ÖẂ ÜAIEIÍ REGÊ0- 2f

î beat" by thc fide of my thigh a head,

That wàs the íhield of his country, and a wheel in battlei

^That ẅas the prompt defendèr of his neighbourhood^

î bear a hfsàd otì my fwprd;

Better his beíng aìive^ than to thec his mead ;

He was a caftle to old age.

I licar a head from the bordering hxìd of Pinawgj (û)
"Widely extended was his wadfair :—
UrieHj the e!oquent, whofe fame went far !

A hcad I bear ort rfiy íhouldcr, ij

That would not bring on me difgrace—
Woe to my hand» (b) that my lord is flain J

A head on my arm I bear,

He that overcame the land o( Brynaiçy (c)

Bttt aftér the íìerce onfet comes the fl^ds with biers.

A hcad I bear în the grafp of my hand>
Of a chief who mildly governed a country ;
The head) and moft powêrful piUar of Britain.

{m) Urhn was flaîn beiiegîng Desderìc m the iíle of Medfant j fome fmall iflaad on tbecoall»
Ibuth of the Fortb ; and Pettawg mîght be the headiandy to which it Wat contiguoui*

(Jb) A common exclamation amongd the Britons»

{c) The ancient principality of Berntcia comprehended a tra€k of hillj countryy as the name
Smplîesy bc^ning north about the Piffs ìTall, and extending fouthward into Yêrhfiire, It
was a part of the territory of a people in the time of the Romant cailed Brigantes, that h, Bri'-
gsntttjtf or the people of Ẅít uplandt»

Pcn a borthay o du pawl,

íen Urien, udd dragooàwl ;

A çyd dêl dydd brawd, ni'm tawr f

Pen a borthav a*m porthes ;
Neud adwen nad arvylles» (a)
Gwac vy llaw, ile 'm digones !

Pen a borthay o dy Rbiw, (í)
Ac ei enau ewynvriw gwaed— (c)
Gwae Reged o heddiw t

Nî thyrvis vy mraiç ; rhygarddwys vy ais ; (J)
Vy nghalon neu'r dôres ? (e)
Pen a borthav a'm p^rthes !

Y gekin veînwen a oloir hcddiw, (/)
A dan bridd a main —

Gwae vy llaw» lladd tâd Owain !

Y gelain veînwen a oloir heddiw^
Ynmhlith pridd a derw— ^

Gwae vy llaw, Iladd vy nghevyndcrw I

{«) L/. Du, Neut atuen nat ar TyUcs«

LL Cof» Ntttd adwea oad yrfyllei»'
(i) Ll.Du. Ody Riu.

LL Cof» O ddu Rîw.
(r) Li, Du, Ao y encuriw gwaet.

LU Cof, Ac y encu ewynrhiw gwaid.
(</) LI, Du, Ny tbyr vis vymbreich rygarduys ?y t!f •

Ll. Co§, Ny thyrrwys íy mreich rygarddwys fy alf*
(e) Neuy Neut dorres $ neu» Neur dorreis»
-(/) A oleuir beddy\r« R* 7bomau

ELEGT ON URIEN &£0£D« Sf

I bear a head on a pole,

The head of Urient the magnificent chief :

And ihould the day of judgment come, ît concemis me not I

I bear a head that fupporled me ;

Is there any known but he welcomed?— *

Woe to my hand, gone is he that gaye me çcmtent |

I bear a head from the Rhiwy («)
With his lips ibaming with blood-^
Ẃoe to Reged {b) from this day |

My arm has not flagg'd ; but my bofom is greatly troaMed í
iUi, my heart ! is it not brolcen ?—
Jfi head I bear that was my fupport 1

The delicate white corpfe will bc intcrrM this day,

Under earth and ftones.—

Woe to my hand» that the father of Owaìn is flain 1

The delicate whìte corpfe will be coyered over this àsf^

Amongft earth and oak —

Woe my liand, thîit my coulln Is ilain !

(a) The declifitjr, or afcent : many placet nt fo ciUed | and heie U ftemi to be Üic name of
a place.

(b) The pattîmony ofUrìen: one of the fonr parCi înto whîch Cumirìa was then dÌTidedi
and it feems to have been the north eaft dÌTÌfion*

}0> MARWKAD URIEN RECED.

T gelain vcinwcn a oloîr hcno,

A dan vaîn ai dewid (a)

Gwae wj llaw, llam rym tyngìd ! (b)

Y eelain vcinwen a oloir heno
Ynmhlith pridd a thy warç : —
Gwac vy llaw, lladd mab Cynvarç !

Y gclain vcinwen a oloir heddiw
Dan weryd ac arwydd ;—
Gwac vy llaw^ Uadd vy arglwydd !

Y gdain veHiwen a oloir heddiw
A dan bridd a thy wawd :

Gwae vy Ilaw, Ilam rym daerawd 1

Y gelain veinwcn a ololr heddiw,
A (lan bridd a main glâs : —
Gwac vy Ilaw, Ilam rym gallas ! (c)

Y gelainf«einwen a oloir heddiw^
A dan bridd a dynad : —

Gwae vy Ilaw, Ilam rỳm gallad !

Anoeth byd brawd bu yn cynnull ; (ä)
Am gym buelyn am drull, (/)
Rhcbydd viled Reged dull. (/)

(«) Neu, Aedeuît; neoyadewyd»
(^) Neu, Llad rym tyghit ; neU, Llamrym tyn^d.
(r) Ll, Du, Llam ryn gailas.
{d) LI* Du, Annoeth byd braut buyn lcynnuIL
Lh Cûŷ, Annoeth bydd brawd yn cynnydd^
(f) LhCo^, Amgyrn buelyn amdtull.
(/) Rcbyd vilet (ncu^ wylcd) Reget duU.

HLEGY ON UHIEN REGES. Jf

Thc íelicatc whitp corpfc wiU bc coYcred this nîgbt ;

Vn4er ftoncs will he be Jeft —

Woe my hand, wbat ^ ftep has fate dccrccd mc 1

Thc dclîcate white corpfe will bc intcrr'4 this night,

Amidíl earth an4 grcen fods ; —

Woc my hand| tbat the fon of Cynvar,ç ihould be ílaia 1

The d^licate white cprpfc wiU bç întcrr -d this day,
Undcr thc grçen-fward with a tumplus ;---
Woc py h^d, that my lord is flainl

The íaif white corpfe wiU bc interr'd this day

Updcr carth and fand —

Woc my hai^d, thc ftcp that is dçcrccd to mc I

Thc faif whitc corpfe wîU bc interç'd thjs d^^j^
Undeir c^rth ai)d blue ftoncst : — ,

Woc my hand^ thc ftep that befcl mc J

The fair whitc corpfe will bc covered this day ^

Utider carth and ncttles:—

Woc my hand, that fuch a ftcp could have happcned to me 1

A maflcr-feat of the world {a) the brpther has becn in purfuit pf ; {h}

For thc horns of the bufiàlo, for a feftivc gpbiet,

^c v}^as thc depredator with tbe hounds ìn thç covcrt díRiged!

(a) Or petlitps» more Uterally, tbe biddeti, or myflertouttbUg oftbe worU $ any great espMt
8 warrîor was to accompiiíb to cftabliílí hig charaaer. In thc age of chîyalry the Anoetbau caifl^
(o fignify the impoíBbilitlee that were enjoined to be performed by the knìghtt of rom nce*

{h) Tbe brotber bas been hŷmrfuh «/'.-«iMeanÌD^ ür'teii 3 at he was tl^e totbçc of Eurddjtg
«b^m tiie bard addreflêi here>

^Ì Jf ARWKAD URIEN RrCSD.

Anocth byd braẁd bu yn qrhnwys, (ö)
Am gyrn buelyn amwys, (b)
Rhebydd viled Regcdwys. (c)

Handid Eui^dyl avlawen henoeth^ (d)

A Uuofydd amgen :

Yn AbcrLleu lladd Uricn I

VYs trift Eurddyl oV drallawd hcnOÿ
Ac o'r llam a'm daerawd (/)
Yn Abcr Lleu lladd ei brawd !

Dyw Gwener gwelais i ddiwyd mawr^ (/)
Ar vyddinawr bedydd ; (g)
Haid heb vodrydav hy bydd. (h)

Neu^m rlx)ddes î Ruh ryvclvawr (i)

Cant haid, a çant yfgv\fydawr ?

Ac un haid oedd well peli mawr. (k)

{a) Lì, Coŷ. Anoethbydd (neu, byd) brawd bs yA cynawyt»
{b] Lìm Cof* Amgyrn buelyn a mwys*
(r) X/. Cflf* Rhebydd fìled RhegethwyB*

LL Dm, Rhebyd Yiletregeduis (neu^rededwys.)
{J) Ll, Du, Mandit euyrdyi (neui evyrddyl) aTlaoen*
{e) LL Co^, Yn Aber Lley Itadd Urìen.
{/) Ac or ihm amdaerawtê
(g) L/é Dm, Cwelels y diyydmawrf neu^ difydd; neu ddinydd mawr«

Ll Coft Gweleis i ddiwyd mawr*
{b) Neu, bedit, neu bedydd, neu hubydd» Z/« />ir«
(i) Lh Dm. Heidhebvodrydav.

LL Ccf. Heid hebíodrydau hy byd.
{k) Neu ryvedliawr } neu, rhyfcddfaẁr $ neu rhyfeddUawr
(/) LL Cofm Ac itn ocdd well pell mawr»

ÉtÈGŸ Olí ÜÌLlÊN tlÈÔEJbè 2SÍ^

A mafter-feat of thc world the brothcr bas eagerly fought ;

JFor the equivocal hofn of the buffiilo, (a)

He was the chacer with the hound with thc mcn of Rigedf

Eurddyl {b) wiU be joylefs thb night>

Sìnce the lcader of armies is as if he was not ;--*

In Aber Lleu Urien has been íláin !

Eurddyl will be forrowful from tbc tribuljatlon of this night,
And from the fate that is to me befallcn í
That her brother íhould be flain at Jber Lleu l

On Friday I faw great an^iety
Amongft the baptifed embattled hofts \
Like a fwarm without a hive, bold in defpaif»

Were there not given to me by Rhnn^ {c) greatly fottd of wari
A hundred fwarms, and a hundrcd íhields?
But one fwarm was better far than all«

(tf) Sfuhuocúlbm oftife ^tt^/o-^Alluéing tothe t«ro ufes madedfthe hdrẁ) tb fouiid the
Blarm of Mrar; and to drink the mead at feafts.

(b) Sifter to Uríen, married to Elifer GofgardJ-^aẅr, or Eiifer ẃith the great Clan ; a prînce
of a diftriâ ui the neighbourhood of Edtnburgbx

{c) This Rbun cannotbe the haie í<niof Maelgvtn^ as Maeìgwn was alive at this period^ though
he funrÌYcd Urten but a íhort time 5 he dicd in 56S» Urìin dying before Mflelg;v)n, the govem-
ment could not be daimed by Eîidyr M'wynvawr in right of hic wife Eurgatn, the daughter of
Maeigwt^ till fome time after; and it was that claim which occafioned the cxpeditîon of Rbun ab
Maelgwn into the north» This íhews that the Rhun mentioned in the Elegy, muft be another:
the fame, probably) as Rbun Rbyveddvawr, in Gutyn Owaìn*s Pedigrees ; where he is made the
fon of E'.mawnab Magw'.g Glof^ ab Cenau ab Coel Godebawg ŷ and fiither to Perwair^ wifc to Rbun
th^ fon ofMaeìgwn^

\

^4. MAHWNAD URIEN HËGEO* ~

Ncu*m rhoddes i Run rwyv iolydd cantrev| (a)

A çant eidionydd ; (i)

Ac uh rodd oedd well nog ydd, (r)

Yn myw Rhun, rheawdyr dihedd, (d)
Dyrain enwir enbydedd ; (e)
ÌHeiym ar veirç enwiredd.

Mor yẁ, gogwn, vy anav ; (/)
Arglyw pob un yn mhob hav :
Ni wyr neb nebawd arhav. (g)

Pwyllaî Dunawd, (h) varçawg gwaini
£r eçwydd (/) gwneuthur celain,
Yn erbyn cryfaid Owain. (k)

P^yllai Dunawd, (/) ydd prefen»
Er eçwydd (m) gwneuthur cadwen,
Yn erbyn cyyryfedd Paígen.

(a) LL Coç. Rhwyfydyád cantMÍ.

{ò) U.Du. A chant eudyonyd.

{c) U. Du. Ac ttn (rod) oedd uell nogyd.

(</) Nc^ rheawdyr dyhcdd ; ncu, creaudyr dyhcd.

{e) Ll. Du. Dyreîn enwir eu byded (neu, enbydded.)

Ll. Coç. Direin enwir eu bydedd.
(/) Ll. Du. Mor vi gogun vy anaf.

L/. Cof. Mor yw gogwn fy arnaf (neu, arwaf)
{g) Neu, amaf.

{b) Neu, Pwyllic Dunawd; neu, Pyllei Duaawdé
' (i) Neu, Ercchwydd.
{k) Neu, cryfoedd Owein; neu, cýfryfedd Owaîn.
(/) Neu, Pwyllic Dunawd.
{m) Neìi, Erechwydd.

BLSGY ON URIEN RSGED. 3S

Wci-c Ẁere riot given to mc by Rhun^ thc cclcbrated chicf, a Cantrtv^

And a hundred lowing kinc ?

But one gift was better far ihari thofe.

In thc life-time of J^i^», the peacelefs ẁanderer,

The unjuft wiil ẃallow in dangers :

May there be fctters of iron on the fleeds of rapine*

*rhe extfertíB I lcûow of my trouble ;

It is what all wîil hear, in evfei^ feafon of warfare:

Ko one hath kilown a greater fcene of Yiolence^

Dunawáy {a) the knight of the warring field, ẁould fiercely rage,'
With a mind determincd to ítiake a dead corpfe,
Againft ihe quick onfet of Owain. [b)

touruyuùdy the hafty chief> would fiercely rage^
With mind elated for the battle,
Againft the cûnína oíPafgen. {c)

{a) Calitd In the TrUdes one of the thiee pillars of \)atÜe of the iíle t>f Brîtab$ the othtr Cvm
were Cyjmeljn 2)ru^gyl, aild Urien the fon oîCymjorf.

" Tri phoft Cad ynys Prydain j Dunawd vab í'abo, Cynveìyn
*< Drwfgyl, ac Urien yab Cym/ar^. Trioidd,

Paho, Ẁe £ither of Dufunud, obtamed the title of Poý Prydainy or PiUar of Brìtẁty from hit
great valour in fighting againft the Scott and Pìíls : He was the ibn of Mor ah Cenau ah CteÌ Co*
debawg, grandfather of Confiant'me the great: Pabo built a church in Angleftyy called after him
Uaiibabo \ where his tQinh.was opened in the reign ^fCharles II. See tbe Inftriftm 'm RowL Moa*
ẃtiq.Ed.%,f, i5t«

{h) EldeftfonofC/rÌM.

(c) Th-id fon of Urien.

D^

^ MARWKAD URlElir JiZÚZJfi

Pẃyllai Wallawg, marçawg trin,
Er eçwydd (a) gwneuthur dyvin,
Yn erbyn cyvryfedd Elphin.

Pwyllai Vran, rab y Mcllym, (b)
Vu*n diol i lofgi vy ffym ; (c)
Blaidd a vygai with ebyrn. {ä)

Pwyllai Vorgant, ev a*i wyr,
Vu'n d'íol i lofgi vy nhymmyr ; (e)
Llug a gravai wrth glegyr. (/)

• Pwyllais i, pän las Elgno ;
Frowyllai lavyn a reiddio Pyll, (g)
A phebyll o'i vro.

Eilwaith gwelais, gwcdy gweithlen, (b)
Atir yfgwyd ar yfgwydd Urien : (/)
Bu âil yno Elgno hené

Ar creçwydd ethyw gwallti {k)
O vraw marçawg yfguall ; (/)
A vydd wrth Urien arall 1 {m)

(a) Ncu, Erechwyddí
{h) LL Du, Melfyra; ncti, melhyrn»
(c) LL Dtt. Vyn Dihál llofgi uy ftym.
{d) LL Du. Bleîd uUgei (ncu, fu gal; neu, mîlgi) Wrth thjrút
{e) LL Du. Uyn dihol Uofgi uyn tymyr.
(/) LL Dué Llye a gravci wrth Glcgyr.
{g) LL Dui Ffrouyllci lavyn o rcidyo PyÜ.
LLCof, Ffrowyllc lafyn ar eiddo PylL
{b) LL Du. Gwdcis i gwedy gweithieui
-(i) LL Du, Urycin.

{k) LL Du. Ar erethuyd (erechuyd) ethywgualltC^uall/)
(/) Neu, YfgueiU ; neu, ys gweill.
{m) LL Co^. A fydd fyth UríeD suralL

ELEGY ON URIEN REGED. ' jy

Gwallaufgi the Icnîght of tumult, would vîolentIy ravc,'
With a mind detcAnincd to try the íharpeft edgc,
Againft thç confliŵ of Elfbin. (a)

Brany thefon oi Mellyrn^ would violcntly ravc,
That collcâcd an army to burn my ovens ;
He was a wolf fmothcred by his own load.

r

Morgantj {h) and his men, would ferccly rage,
Who coUcâied a hoft to bum my lands ;
He was like a moufe fcratching againft a rockr

My fiiry alfo raged, when Elgno feU ;

Terribly rapid movcd the blade when lifted up by Py//, (<•)

WhiMl a tent ftood in his country.

A fccond time I faw, after that confliíl,
A golden fliicld on the íhoulder of Urlen ;
Thcrc again befel the fate of old Elgno.

The haîr briftled up anend,

With the fcar of the blood-fpilling Icnîght :

Will therc evcr be another to match with Unen í

(tf) rifthfoiiofCA-/«ii;

{JH) Thi8 probably is the Morgant^ by whofe înftîgation Vr\en was mttrdered*
(f ) Tbf fcçon4 fon of U^ar^,

D3

I

j

3.8 »MARWNA13 URIEN REGEB^

Ys moel vy arglwydd cr cvras gwrth, (a)
Ni's câr cedwyr ei gâs ; (^)
Lliaws gwledig rbydreulias

Angerdd Urien îs, agro gcnyv ; (c)

Cyrçyniad yn mhob b^o,

Yn wyfg Llovan Llawddifro. (J)

TaweUwcl, ti hirglyw ! (e)
Odid a vo molcdy w,
Nam Uríen, cen nid yw !

Llawer cî gcilig, a hebawg wyrcnîg,

A lithiwyd ar y Uawr,

Cyn bu Erllcoö Uawedrawr. (/)

Yr aelwyd hon a'i gogljid gawr, (g)
Mwy gorddyvnafai ar ci Ilawr
Médd, a meddwon eiriawr ! (h)

Yr aelwyd hon ncu^s cudd dynad !
Tra vu vy w ei gyirarçcidwad,
Mwy gorddyVnafai eirçiad !

{a) LL Cof. Y* moel yn fy arglwydd yr (ys) euns gwrtji,

{h) ld,IJtit, Nyscarcadwyryga^.

(r) Neu, Ys a gro (agro) gennyr.

{d) U, Du. Yíì uifc loTan lawdiffro.

(#) U. Du. Tauel aucl ty hirglyu.

(/) U. Du. Cyn by ErUcon llauedraur.

U. Coŷ. Cyn y bu Erlleon Llyweddriawr.
{g) U' Cof. Ae goglyd gawrj neu, aigoglud gawr,
{b) U Cofr £iriav)rl.

ELEGY ON UHIEN REGSD. 39

Tho' decapidated be my lord^ yet from bis manly yx)iith» tîU now
Thc warriors loved not bis refentmcnt ;
Many foYcreigns has bc confumed.

The fiery breath of X^nV» is ftiird, I am affiiird by gricf ;

Thcre is commotion in cvery region

In fcarch of Llwan^ with thc detefted hand. {a)

Silent breatbing gale, long wilt thou be héard >
There îs fcarcely anothcr dcfci'ying praifc,
Sincc Urien is no more !

Many a dog that fcented well the prcy, and acrial hawky
Havc been trained on this floor
Before Erlleon became polluted,

This hearth, dcferted by the íhout of war^
Morc congenial on its floor would have been
Thc mead, and lo^uacious drunlcen waniors !

This hearth, ah, will it not be covered with nettlcs ?

Whilft its dcfcnder Iiv.ed,

More congenial to it was the foot of thc nccdypctitioncr.

{a) Thîs aâ by Uovm JJawddifro is recoi^ded ín tfae Triides, one of tfae duee vniaIiioas nror*
ders of Bntatn \ tfae otfaer was committed by l^^yn the (ou çf EUygany who Ofiw jíneur'm,
inonarcfa of the bards j and tfae tfaird by Llawgad Trvm Bargawd Etddjn^ on Aì/am^ tfae foo <«f

Ç 4

40 .AtA^WNAD U]IIEK lLEG£|li,

Yr aclwyd hon neu's cud4 glefin \
Yn myw Owain ac Elphin ;
Breuafai ei phair breiddinr

Yr gelwyd hon neu's ciidd callawdyr Uwyd,
Mwy gorddy vnafai am ei bwyd
Cleddyval dy wal dtarfwyd !

Yr aelwyd hon neu's cuíd caen vierî, (^
Coed cynneuawgoeddiddi : (c)
Gorddyvnaffii Regedroddi 1

Yr aelwyd hon neu's cudd drain, (^O
Mwy gorddyvnaOti ei çyngrain
Cymmwynas cyweithas Owain i

Yr aelwyd hon neu's cudd myr, (/}
Mwygprddyvnafai babir gloyw,
A çyveddau cywir !

Yr aelwy4 l^on jleu^s cudd tavawl ; (g)
Mwy y gQrddyvnafai ar ei Uawr,
Mêddj a meddwon eiriawl !

Yr aelwyd hon neu's cladd hwç;

Mwy giorddy vnafai cl Wç gwyr,

Ac am gyrn cyveddwç ! {h) '

(a) U. Du. Berwaírei el phalr breiddîiu
(h) U. Du, Neus cud cein YÌerì coed.
(c) U. pu. Cynneyaüt oed idj,

(</) LLCof. Yraelwydhonlüddreiiu

(e) LL Cof. Cymmwynas, cymdeitha^OwdDf

(/) Neu, Neus cyd myr.

[b) Ll. Cof. NeuscydtafàwU

(/} Ll. Coŷ, Ac amçym cyítddwchi

/

ELEGY UFON URIEN &EGED. ^

Tliis hearth, will ît not be covered with thc green íod^l

In the iifetime of Owain and Elphin^

Its aniple pot boilM the prey talcen from the foe,

^pffls hearth, will it not be covered with mufty toad-ftoob|t
^âiround the viands it prepared, more cheering was
/ The clattering fword of the fierce dauntjefs warríor !

This hearthy wili it not be overgrown witli fpreading brambles !
Till now logs of buming wood lay on it,
Accufiomed to prepare the gifts cSRegidl {a)

This hearth, will it not be covered with thoms !
More congenial on it would have been the mixed group
OfOwain^s focial frìends, united in harmony*

Thî$ hearth, will ît not be covered over by the ants !
More adapted to it would have been the bright torches^
And harmlefs feftivities !

This hearth, will it not be covered with dock ieaves !*
More congenial on its floor would have been
The mead, and the talking of intoxicated warriors»

Thîs hearth, will it not be turaed up by the fwine !
^>TMore congenial to it would have bccn the clamour of men,
^^ And the circling horns of the banquet.

(a) The orlglnal of this paíTage is ratfter equlvocaI } as ít might be fendettd, thegîfb htm
ftowed by Ur'uni however it is intended, in the tranflatìon fignify tfac contrary } or the gifti,
Jod cootrihtttìo&i of the couotry of Reged to thcir prìnce.

A

MAXWKAD URI£K REOED*

Yr aelwyd hon neu's cladd cy wen ;
> Ni'seiddiganai angen, (a)
Yn myw Owain» ac Urien !

Yr jAwfwl hwn, a*r hwn draw,
Mwy gorddyynafai amdanaw
EIwç Uu) a llwybyr anaw ! (b)

(#) L/. C9f* Ni «ddigaaeî angeo.
(á) U C#f> a'rLl. Du. A Uu^

ELEGY UPON 0RIEN IIEGE9, 4}

Thîs hcarth, wiU it not be fcratched up by fowls I
It never experienced a fcarcity,
While Owaitíi and Urien lived !

Thîs buttrefs here, and that one there,
More congenial around them would have been
An army's çlamour, 2s\à the patb of melody !

í 44 ]

T R I B A N A U.

CALANGAUAV calcd grawn,
Dail ar gyçwyn, Uynwyn llawn :-
Y bore cyn noi vyned,
Gwae a ymddiried i eftrawn !

Calangauay cain gyvrin,
Cyvred awel a drychio :
Gwaith celwydd yw celu rhin.

Ca]angauav cul hyddod,

Melyn blacn bedw, gweddw havod:

Gwae a hacdí mevyl er byçod !

Calangauav crwm blaen gwryfg :
Gnawd o ben diried denryfg ;
Lle ni bo dawn ni bydd dyfg.

Calangauav garw hin,
Annhebyg i gyntevin :
Namwyn Duw nid oes dewin.

Calangauav calcd cras>

Purddu bran, buan o vras :

Am gwymp hen çwcrddid gwên gwâs.

Calangauav Ilwm goddaith,
Aradyr yn rhyç, ŷç yn ngwaith :
O'r cant odid cydymmaith.

l 45 J

T R I P L E T S.

ON AIl Saînts' Dây hard is the grain,
The Ieàves are dropping, the puddle is fuil:<^
At fetting oflF in the morning,
Woe to him that wiU truft to a ftranger !

On AII Saints' Day, a time of pleafant gpffipping»
Thc gale and the ftorm keep equal pace :
It is the labour of falfehood to keep a fecret. -

•^-

Ort AII Saints* Day the íiags are lean,

Yellow are the tops of birch, deferted is the fummer dwelliiig:-

Woe to him who for a trifle deferves a curfe !

On All Saints* Day the tops of the branches are bent :
In the mouth of t^e mifchieyous difturbance is congenial ;
Where there is no natural gift therewill be no learning.

On AII Saints' Day bluftering is the weather,
Very unlike the beginning of the paft &ir feafon :
Beûdes God there is none who knows the futute»

On AII Sáints* Day *tis hard and dry,

Doubly bláck is thc crow, quick is the arrow from the böw t

For the ftumbUng of the old the Iooks of the youth wear a fmilc#

On All Saints' Day bare is the place where die heath is burnt»
The pbugh is in the fuitow, the óx at woric :
AmoDgft a hundred 'tis a chance to meet a fiiend*

Ì 46 í

CANU MAENWYN.

MAEN WYN tra vüm i'th otdi
Ni fetbtid yy Uen i ä thioed^
Nid erddid vy nhir i hcb waed.

MaeRwyn tra vum i'th erbyn^

A'm ieuenâid i'm dỳlyn>

Ni thòrai gofail vy nhenryn. (a)

Maenwyn tra vum i'th erüd,

Yn dylyn vy ieuen£Ud,

Ni çarai gofail vy ngwythlid. (i)

Maenwyn tra vum î evras,

O ddylyn dywal galanas» (c)

Gwnawn weithred gwr cyd byddwn gwas. (Jì

Maenwyn, meidyr di yn gall ; (e)
Angen ceiTail ar wall ; (/)
Ccified Yaelgwn vaer arall.

{a) Lì, Cof, Ni thorrei gaíTeiI fyn terfyn*
(f ) Ll< Cof, Ni charei gefieil fy ngwythlid.

LL Du. Ni charei goíTaiI uy ngwrthlit.
(r) 17. Du. Oedvlt dywal galanas.
(d) JJ^ Co^, Tra byddwn gwas.
(«) Neuy Meddir, medry meidr» medhyr di yn galL
{/) tl. Du. Anghen cyíTweid (kyflyeil} ar walL

U, Cof. Angen cyilêil ar wall.

1 47 î

TO MAENWYN.(tf)

MAENWYN, when I was of thy äge,
My garinent íhould not be trodden under fbôt^
My land íhottld not have been ploughed without blood.

Maenwyn^ when I was în thy condition,

With yottth attendant on me»

Thc otttlaw would not have broken my boundaiy.

AfaenwyHy whilft I was as thou art,
FpUowing the courfe of my youth,
Thc enemy loved not thç fury of my refentment.

Áíaenwyn^ whîlft I was in the bloom of youth,

Addiâed to fierce Ìlaughter,

I performed the part of a man, thòugh but a boy.

Maenwyny talce thy aim difcrectly ;

Or through neceílityy inftead of a heedlefs guardian,

Let Maelgwn provide another mayor. {b)

{a) An exhortatíoiì to Maefmyny a yottng warrlory ẅho !t feems had been co m mM ided to capi*
fulatey and deliìrer up his arms. Llywarŷ endeaYours to encourage him to itfift tEe offer> ané
ihew his fidelity to Maelgwtt.

(è) The original is AÌaeri of thc fame import aa dit EoglUh bail'iff^ the l^ officer of a
tvwn^ áatüStŷ or ían&«

48 CANU MAÉNWYN.

Vy'm dewîs i gyvran, (a) a'i gaen arnaw»

Yn llym, mcgis draen ;

Nid over gniv i'm hogi maen.

Anreg rym gallad o Ddyfryn Mewymiawn, (i)
Yn nghudd yn nghelwrn ;
Haearn Uym Uaes o ddwrn.

Boed bendigaîd yr anghyíbell wraç,
A ddy wed o ddrws ei çell : (ä)
Maenwyn nag addaw dy gyllell.

(a) U, Dtt. Vyn deuîs î gyvran*

£/. Co£. Vym dewis gyvran«
{b) Lh Coŷ. Anrhcg rym gall DdyfFryn Mcîtnîa?íWi.

17. Du, Anrhegyn ryn gallad o DdyfTryn.
(() U, Du, A dynaut o drus y chell.

TÓ MAENWYN. 49 «

My chòice îs to have a portion, with its íheath on it,

And íharp-pointed as a thorn;

It is not labour lòft for rtie |o ẃhet a ûoiìci (a)

A prefeht was beftowed on me, from the vale of AfeuyrnhHf

'Concealed in a cafc ;

It was ìa keen fron far proje£ting from the hand. (b)

BleflTed be the folitary old hag,

That îaid from thc door oif her hut —

*" Afûemyrtf do not deliver up th'y whittle;*^

{a) This feems mtoided as a pun upon the name ÒÌ Ẁe yoŵth» JHaenwpi hnf!Úe9f^'>èa^ìft£
fbe mature, or bardnefs ofafi(me\ and ftill the Póet thoüght that Úytftone that bé was fpeakìng of
Wanted a little more haidening.

Ìh) À fẃord ii here ddrcrîbcd \ bùt the náihf defìgnedly omitttd.

í 50 î

ENGLYNÍON DUÁO.

BÌD coç crib ceîlîawg, bid anîanaẅl
Ei lev, o wely buddugawl :
Llawenydd dyn Duw ai mawl.

Bid laweri meiçiad (a) virûì uçenaid gwynt /

Bid tawel yn delaid ; (i?)

Bid gnawd avlwydd ar ddiriaid.

Bîd gyliuddawg ceifiad, bid gfìîvîaágwyd, (c)

A bid gynnwys dillad :

A garo bardd bid bardd roddia<}.

Bid lew unben, a bid awy vryd, (il)
A bíd vlaidd ar vlaîdd ar adwy ; (e)
Ni çeidw wyneb ar na roddẃy. (/)

Bid vuan redaìnt yn ardal mynydd )
Bid yn ngheudawd oval ;
Bid anniwair anwadal.

Bid amlwg marçawg, bid ogelawg iíeîdyf,
T wyllid gwraig oludawg :
Cyvaillt blaidd bugail diawg.

(fl) Neu, Mcichieu.

{b) Neu, Bit tauel yndncîc

(f) Neu, Bit gnifgat guyd; ncu, Gnifytt guyd, (fWÿd&rjl

{d) Ll.Co^. Bit avuy unbcn a bit leu.

{e) Neu, A bit lleiniad yr ardwy.

(/) Ncu, Nichcidwci wynẂBlroddwyw

[ s« ]

SATIRIÖAL TRIPLETS.(^)

LET dìe cock*s cömb be red, naturally loud be
Hîs voice, írom hîs triumphant bed:
Maín's rejoicing Ood wiU commend.

JLet tbe fwîne-herd be riierrý at the íighing of the wind ; (i)

Let the fitent appear gracefiil ;

Let the mifchievous be accuftomed to misfortune.

Lét the bàiiitf'impeach, let evil be a tormentor ;

May garments be fuil and ámple :

He tbat Ioves á bard let him be a generous giver.

* 1-et à princê be brà^e^ wîth a mînd enlarged,
Andl^^m be á wolf agatnft a wolf on the breach ;
He mll tfot íhew his face that wiU not give.

Fleet let the racers be on the mountain fide ;
Let care be in the bofom ;
Unchafte let the inconftant be.

The knîght, cônfpîcuous let hlm be, and the thief bc fneaking}
The woman that is rich tiiay be deceived ;
The friend of the wolf is the lasy íbephenL

la) Thefc are moftly prover1>ialíayingS, liere ConneŴed togetherby the metret of dieftansas.
(í) Becaufe then the fwmc wouid have acoms without his being at any troubjle.

£a

5t ENCLYNION Í>UAÖ.

Bid gwir baglawl, bid ryngyngawd gelwydd; (àj
Bid vab Ueen yn çwannawg : (b)
Bid anniwair daueiriawg.

Bid gwrm biw, a bid llwyd blaidd ;
Efgud gorwydd i ar haidd ;
' Gwefgyd gwawn-grawn yn ei wraidd. (c)

Bid grwm bỳddar, bid trwm cau ;
Efgiid gorwydd yn nghadau ;
Gwefgyd gwawn-grawn yn adneu.

Bid aha ! byddar, bid anwadal ehud ;
Diriaid bid ymgeingar; (d)
Dedwydd, ar a'i gwŷl a'i câr.

Bid dwvyn llyn, bid Uym gwaywawr ;

Bid gran clav glew wrth awr : (e)

Bid docth dedwydd, Duw a'i mawr. (/)

Bid llym eithin, bid dyfgethrin drud ;

A bid eddain alltud ;

Bid çwannawg ynvyd i çwerthin. (g)

Ça) Neu, Bíd gwîr baglawl, bíd rygyngawd gorwydd-
(^) Neu, Bid val llen yn chwannawg.

Bed amlwg marÿawg» bld redegawg gorwydd.

(c) Neu, Guefcyt guangraun yn y ureid.

[d) LL Co^, Bid ynvyt ymladgar,

(í) Ll Co^. Bit gran clcf gleu wrth aur.

Ll, arall. Bid gwanandeu glau wrth awr.
(/) Neu, Bid doeth dedwydd, Duw ai nawdd,
ig) L/. C^. Bit evcin alldut, bit dyigethrin drut,
Bit juannauc ynvyt y ^uerthin.

SATIRICAL TÄlPLETfi. 5}

Lct truth hobWc oa crutdies, let lics fly fwiftly^
Lct tbc clcrical man bc covetous; (a)
The uncbaftc, lct him be prcvaricattng^

Lct thc cow be brown, and the wolf bc grcy,

Swift the ftecd fed with barley ,

Lct the tcnder grain bc prcfsM at thc roots.

X^ thc fnare bc bent, let bonds be heavy ;

The horfe nimble in battles ;

Tfac teqdcr grain be preís'd when dcpofitcd in thc ground. (ty ^

Let thc deaf bc dubious, thc ra(h bc fickle ;
The mifchievouSy let him be wrangling ;
The pnidcnt necd but bc fcen to be bcIoved.

Let thc pool be decp^ the fpears bc íharp ;

Let the eye of the ûck be bold at thc íhout of war ;

Lct/the wifc bc happy, God commends him,

Let the furze be prickly, let thc ficrce hurl ruin ;
And Ict the cxile wander ;
IrCt thc fool bc fond of laughter.

(a) More Uterally— Let the íbn of learmng be c0vetout.

(^^ Thp cgiidwlms Uflc of this^ and the preceding ftaasai feem mj obfctire,

E$

54 BNCLTWION ^UAIN

Bid wlyb rhy^; bid vyny4 maç >

Bid gwyn clav, bìd lawen iaç ;

Bid çwyrn colwyn, bi^ wenwyn gwra^. ^<t}

Bîd diaíbad aeleu, bìd ac byddin |

Bid bcfgitor dyrc ;

Bid drud glcw, a bid rew brc,

Bid wcn gwylan, bid van tob ;
Bid hyyàgyl gwyar ar òn ;
Bid Iwyd rew ; bid lew caloo*

Bid las lluarth ; 1>id diwartìi ciriadi

Bid reiniad yn nghyvarth ;

Bid wraig ddrwg â niynyç warth.

Bid gogor gan iar, bid trydat gan lew ; ^i)
Bid ynvyd ymladdgar ; (r)
Bid tòn calofi gan alar*

Bid hpfder Uawer a*i heirç ;

Bid wyn twr, bid orun feirç ;

Bid Iwth çwannawg; {d) bid ryngawg cleirç,

Bid anhygar diriaid, bid fçr pob ewaint ;

Bid henaint i dylodedd ;

Bid addf wyn yn ancwyn medd.

(o) L/. arall, Bid jwyrnlad colwyn, bid wenwyn cpwraŷi

Bid cwynfan claf, bid lawtn is^
Ih) U, Cof. B'tt gravangauc iar bittrydar leu»
{c) Llf arall. Bid ovaI ar ei car.
( J) Ll. Ccf. Bit lytb chuannauc.

fATIRIGAL TRIPLETI. 55.

íẃ the furrow be wet ; let bail be frequent ;

The (ick be complaining, the one in health be merry ;

Jjtt the lap-dog fnarl, the old woman let her be peeviíh»

Íjä the hurt cry out, an army be it moving ;

liCt the well-fed be wanton ;

Xm the ftrong ìk bold ; and let the hiU be ílippery.

f^ the gull be whîte, let the wave be loud ;
I^et the gore bc aptly clotted on the aíhen fpear ;
jUet the ice bé greyi tbe hçart t^ bpld*

Let tbe camp bç grcen ; let the talkative be reproachleís ; s
Let there bc puíhing of fpears in the confliâ ; i

Thç wicked woman let her bc with frequcnt rcproaches,

With the ben let there be cacfcling, Içt the lion roar ;

Letthe fooliíh be quarrelfpme ;

Let the heart îiffailçd with griçf be broken.

Let beauty be defircd by ipany ;

Let the tpwer be white, le^ harnefs cUttcr :

Lct the glutlon hanker ; let the clergy be interceding.

Lct thc mifchievous be unIoveIy, youths bc they ^rong \

Let old age attend povcrty ;

In the banquet lct thç mca^ bç ^elicio\i$;.

E4

56 ENGLYyiON DüAU.

Bid çwyrniad colwyn, bid wcnwyn ncidyr ;
Bid noYÌaw rhyd wrth belcidyr ;
Nid gweh V - otwr no'r lleidyi;.

Bid gwyrdd gweilgi, bîd gorawen tôn ;
Bid cwyn pob galarus ;
Bid avlawen hen heinus,

SATIRICAL TRIBLETS. 57

A fnarler let the lap-dog be, and the adder poifonous ;
In paíEng a ford with fpears, let there be fwimnüng ;
Tbe adulterer is not better than thc thiéf.

Let the fea be green, the wave be it with clamour flowîng ;
Every,onè opprefTed with grief let him complaio ;
Penfwe be tbe old ;iffli£led with pain.

L 58 ]

FR GüG, YN ABER CUAWG.

GOREISTE ar vryn, aerwyn vy roryd> {a)
A hevyd ni'm cyçwyn c
Byr vy nhaith, difaith vy nhyddyn !

Llcm awcl, llwm bcnyd cr byw, (ì)
Pan orwifg cocd telyw hav ; (c)
Terydd glav wyv heddy w ! {d)

Nid wyv enhued, mîled ni çadwav; (^)
Ni allav ddarymred ! —
Tra vo da gan Gôg, caned !

Côg lavar a gân gan ddydd,

Cyvreu ciçiawg yn nolydd Cuawg : (J)

** Çwcíl côrawg na çybydd.**

Yn Aber Cuawg yd ganant Gogau,

Ar^angau blodeuawg ;

Gwae glav, a'u clyw yn voddawg !

Yn Aber Cuawg Côgau a ganant ;
Ys advant gan vy níryd ; (g)
A'u cygleu na's clwy v hevÿd ! (h)

(a) Ncu> Goreifle (goreifti) arvryn, aenrryn Tymbrjrt
• (b) Neu, Llcm auel Uum beiiedyr byu.

(f ) Neu, Par oruifc* coed telyu haf.
(d) Neu, Ceryd glaf uyf hedyu.

(*) Neu^ Neud wyf anhyed miletny chadnaf.
(/) U, Du, Cyfra eichiawg yn molydd tuawg.

(g) Neu, Ys adwant (atvant) gan fy mryd.
{b) Ncu, Na*5 clyw hefyd.

r 59 ì

rO THE CUCRàO,

m THE

VALE OF CUAWG, (^

SITTING to rcft on ^ hill, cruelly inçlined is my mind^
And yet it doth not impel me onward ;
Short is my journey, aod my d^yelling \yretched !

Sharply blows the gale, it is bare puniílwneht to livc,1
When the trees array themfelves in their fummer finery j
Violent is my pain ihis day !

} am no follower of the chace, T keep no hound ;

I cannot move myfelf about !-t-

As long as it feemeth good tQ the cuckoo, let her fing !

The loud-voicpd cuckoo fings withthe dawn,
Her meIodiou$ notes in the dales of Cuawg :
f* Better the liberal tl>an the mifer." (â)

By the waters of Cuawg the cuckoo$ fiag,

On the bloflbm-covered branches ;

Woe to the fick, that bears their contented notes !

By the waters ofÇuawg cuckoos are finging ;

To my mind grating is the found ;

Oh, may pthers that bear not ficken like me !

, (a) Some have afçrîbed this posm to t Maíclav ab Líywarfi vAiO îs faU ta Iuve flooriíM
toẅards th« cnd of the íburteenth centiiry. But the Uynyr Du o Caer%yrddÌM^ one of the MSS,
«^erewith it U çoUated it full as old as that períod $ and yet ia that we fee it had then fuSered
iDilch by tine. Mabclav mightbe an epithet aíTumed by Lljwar^i «ad itiinpUes—- &iy»r
afotu •

ih) Jt feem that this proyeib is to beconfidered is the fong of the cuckoo.

J

6o I*R GÔG, YN ABEa CUAWO,

Ncu*s endewais i Gôg, (a) ar ciddiorwg brcn,

Neu'r laefwys vy nghylçwy ;

Edlid a gerais, a gerais neud mwy ! {b\

Yn y van odduwç llon dâr,
Ydd endewais i lais adar : (c)
Côg vàn, cov gan bawb à gâr I

Cethlydd cathyl-voddawg, hiraethawg ci Ucv,'
Taith oddev, tuth hebawg,
Cog vreucr (d) yn Abcr Cuawg !

Gorddyar adar gwlydd nalnt, (e)
Llcwyçyd lloer, oer dewaînt,
Crau Vy mryd rhag govyd haint !

Gwyn gwarthav naint, dcwaint hlr<'^
Ccinmygir pob cywraint :
Pylŷwn pwyth hun i henaint ! (/)

Gorddyar adar, gwlyb grO|
Dail cwyddid, divryd divro ;
Ni viradav, wy v clâv hçno 1

Gorddyar adar gwlyb traeth,
Eglur nwyvre, ehelacth tôn :
Gwy w calon rhag hîracth !

(«) Ncu, NeusedeueliiGog.

(3) Neu, Edlit a gereii neut muy,

{cj Neu, Yr'endeueis (edeueis) y lels adar.

{J) Neu, Cog vrever.

(«) Neu, Gulyt veint$ neo, gwld nelnt

if) Nen, Dyluyn (dylynn) puyth hun i heÌA^

tO THE eÜCkOO, IN THE VALe O'r CüAWG. 6i

íîavc I not liftcned to thc cuckoo, on thc trec encircled with ivy ?

And did it not caufe me to hang down my íhield?

Êut hateful is what I loved I if I lo^cd, hence íhall it ceäfe !

On a hill that Qverlooked the merry oak,

I have liílcned to the fong of birds—

Thc loud cuckoo, that k in cvery lovcr*s thöughts !

Swect fongftrcfs wîth her fong of content, her voicc creates longîng;
Shc is fated to wander j— Iike the hawk fcuds
Thc lottd cuckoo by the watcrs of Cuawg ì

The birds are clamorous, humid^c the hollow glens ; ^

Let the moon reâeâ her light! cold is the midnight hoür ;
Outrageous Is my mind írom the tot-mcnt of diforder*

lUuminated is the top o( tlic cliff, in the tedious midnight~
Every ingenious merit is honourably rewardcd : (a)
I defervc a littlc indulgence of ileep to old age !

The birds are çlamorous, the bcach is wet;
LfCt thc Ieaves fall, the exilc is unconcemed :;
I wiU not conccal it, I am fick this night I

The birds are damorous, the ftrand is wet,
Clear is thc wclkin, high fwélls the wave ;
Xhe hcart is palüed with longing !

(tf ) This Is a commoo proverb \ and^it intioduced here witiiout cooncâion 5 probably with a rîe^ir
I» IhswdUanrangenientof thougbtf> arifing fìrom a delinuni.

6t i'R GÔO, Ylí ABER CüAẀäi

öorddyatadar gwlyb traeth,
Eglur tôn^ taîth chfclaeth : (a)
A gfëad yn mabolaeth,
fcarWn, pei cafwn etWacth ! (i)

Gorddyar ádar ar cdrywcdd, (ej
Ìàn llev cwri yn nifaith ;
Gorddyar adar cilwaith.

Cyníevih caìn pob áthhad ! (d)
Pan vrýliant cedẃyr i gâd,
Mi nid av, aiìav ni'm gad Ì

Cyntevlii, caîn ar yftrè,
Pan vrys cedwyr i gadle ; (e)
Mi nid av, anav a'm de ! (/)

Llwyá gẁartìiav mynydd, brau biaén 6ii>

O ebyr dyhcpgyr tòn

Pcvyr, pcll çẃerthin ó*m calon I

Aflymî heddy w péti ŷ tnì$ỳ

Yn y wcílva ydd edcwis :

Crau vy mrÿd, (g) cryd a*iti dcẅJs j

(^î) NeUjTtíthehelaeth;

(b) Mae y braij hwn yn gyntav ò'r pennÌÌl canlynaẃT^

Yn y Llyvyr Dui
(f ) Nieii, Gordyar adar orredryuaed.

Neu, Gorddyaradarar edryvrisidd baiu
• (ä) Neu, cein pob amat*

{e) Neu, Pan vryt ketuyr y gadle.
(/) Neu, Nidaafanaf amcdy.
Neu, Nlnad afanaf amdde.
(^) LL Du. Crei vymbyt.

*6 ttîÈ düeROÖj ÍN tHÈ IrÀIiÉ Ot tÜAWO# 63

*rhe bîrds are clamorous, the ftrahd is wet ;
Bright is the wave, talcitlg its ample rang^ 9
^hak was formed for my yóuth,
t could love^ if agaitt oti me béftowed ! (a)

Clamoious áre the bitds on the fccnt of ẁt prtf^
Lóud Is tbe cry of the dogs in the deíert ;
Agaiii claraiòröus are the birds;

When the hârbinger of fumraer (bomes è¥ery rstìcá fecá ic giýi
"When thfe ẅarribrs haftén to thc conflift^
1 dò not gOy infimiity prevents me !

'When the fummer comes^ gloriòuS> ön ŵé tnipfatieitt fteeds
Sëem the warriors^ when hafteiíing to the áeld of hatlle ;
1 íhall not go, infìrmity Iceeps me back !

Grfey Is the mòuntäîn's browi the íops of the atìi are brîtâé j
*rhe difembogüeing waters impel ẃe íaír wave onẁatd ;
Far is laughter íirom my poor heart !

Âh 1 whät a lot is mine âiis day,but a month is paft

Bince the focial feaft I left ;

jbiftraâed is my mind-^a fever preys upon me í

{á) Thii paâàge IsáurU ín thebrigînaí ; hûtât&aa» t» îfliipîjr tbf^ Ìf hr^ouid lie àgẁk
«liaBged to yoatfay it would be a pleafure» notwîtbftsoidinf all <ite ■ẃfiirrnnrìl a<á jrlcîffitudei h^
lMdtjq^tneedî»tbt«n)ckU^

J

04 l'«- GÔG, Yîî ABER ÇUÁWtí.

Amlwg golwg gwyliadur,
Gwnelyd fyberwyd fegur i
Crau vy mryd» («) clevyd a'm cûr !

Ahy^ yn ail maìl am vedd,

Kid eiddun dedwydd dyhedd ; (i)

Amaerwy adnabod amynedd,

Alav9 yn ail mail am lad,
Llithredawr Uyry, Uon cawad,
A dwvyn ryd ; berwyd bryd brâdl

Berwyd brad anYid obet: (r|
Byddantdolur pan burer,
Gwerthu byçod er llawer;

Berwitor brad yr anwír ; (d)
Pan yamo Dpvydd, dydd hir^
Tywyll vydd gau, golau gwir.

Perygyl yn burthlad cyrçyniad cewig ;
Llawen gwyr odduwç Iläd ;
Crin calav, alav yn eiliad. {e)

(<f ) Lì, Du, Crei vymbryt.

(^)X/. Dií. Nytôàttndetoyddyhed.

(ir) Neuy Berwyd brad aafâd ber.

(</) L/. Du^ ä*r U, Cof, Preator freenmr pan taröodoffd dyd írir

Tyuyll yyd geu goleu guir.
(<) LL Du, Perygylyndirthivat(dirthiiut)kyrchynytt|Ccwî«.

J(J, Cof, Cerygyl yn dirthiwad Cyrchyfiad Ceẉ,
{/) Ll, Du, Llauen guyro dy uetUac
Cna calav alay ya deilyat

•ÍO TÌÎE ÌÜCÎCÔOj ìlí ÎHE ŸALl OF CUAWG, ^}

Quick is the fight cf the centinel ;

iet the iule perform adts of complacency ;

Jjiftraôed is my mind, I am confumed by fichnefs !

^iches, Bfce a bowì òndfcling mead, (a)
^he contented man of peace will not covetî
ì^erfeyerance is the key to knowledge.

Riches, like a bowl that tnciícles the cheerîng be^erage,

Glides away, like the fnaké^ the refi^íhîng fliower,

Or deceitts like the deep ford : it ílirs thc mind to trcachery !

TreacWy ferments every evil deed^

*rhat wiU be torture, when the tîme df puriiyìng comes ; ^

ît is feUing a little for much.

Let thç wicked be fomentîng treachery ; (b)

But on that great day, when the Renovator ihall judge^

Falíhood wUl be darker ÍUA, and truth iUuminated.

Danger chaces'thde who are on theîr câreer with chaîns fof captivcs,
Jfcyous are men over the beverage ;
Fraìl is the reed, of rìches a meet cmblem^

{a) The fènfe of thic and the fblIoẃlAg ftaâxa, as It If rendered faere, depends upon the way
tìie tranflator hat punâoated tíie orìginals ; bat they mîght be pointed to mean Yery dlfFerently,
thcir conftmâion bdng equlTocaL

(ò) The origînal of thisrine îs very obfcuit fx«fn tht blunders of tránfcrìbers ; andthe fazne may
W £ûd <if the firft Une of the acxt ftansa^

i'r, GÔG, yn aber cuawô»

Cyglcu dôn drom ei tholo, vàn, (a)

Yrhwnggraian a gro: {b)

Crau yy mryd rhag Jledvryd hcno !

I
Ofglawg blaen derw, çwcrw çẃaith ôn, {c}
Cweg evwr çwerthiniad tôn ;
Ni çel grudd gyftudd calon 1

Ymvnig uçenaid a ddywaid arnav, (J)

Yn ol vy ngorddyvnaid,

Ni âd Duw dda i ddiriaid ! (e)

Da i ddiriaid ni ater, (/)
Namyn triftyd a phryder : {g)
Ni adwna Duw ar à wnêl.

Oedd macwy mabclav, oedd goelin (h)

Gyvran yn llys brenin ;

Poed gwyl Duw wrth y dewin ! (/)

0*r a wnclcr, deryw ; {k)
Yftyriedara'iderlly, (/)
Câs dyn yman yw câs Duw vryw

{a) Ll. Cof. Cigleu don drom ith olo fair

(^) L/. Coŷ, Rhwng gnui a gro.

{c) Ll. Cof, Ofglod blaen dcrw chwerw chwèrw chweîth <

[d) Neu, A dyyet amaY j neu, Adyfeîad heno.

(tf) Neu, Da y diryet; neu, y da i dirîed.

(/) L/. Du» Da y diryet nyatter.

17* Cof . Dau ddirieid ny atter.
(^) L/. Cof. Namyn triftyd a phrudder.
(b) LL Cof, Oedd macwy Mabclav oedd goein gyfnul.

Ll. Du. Oed gein gyfíon ; neu, oed goewin g yfioiu
(i) L/. Du. Poed guyl Dyuurthedem.
{k) Ll. Du. Or a uneler yn derut
(/) X/. Du. Yftyrycit yr «e derlly.

tO THE CUCKOO, IN THE VAtE OF CÜAWO, 67

tlear th'e heavy-falling wave, how lòüd,

Amidft the gravel and thé iftòny héach :

My mind burnà ŵith delirious rage this night !

Branchlng is the top of the oak, bitter the tafte of the afli,

Sweet the íheltering hedge, the wave is bluftering: *"

The chcek will tiòt cotìceál thc trouble of the heart ! (a)

The heaving figh tells of me,

Aftèr all my craving defires,

That God wiU not fuflPer the mifclûevous to enjoy wealth*

To the mifchievou8 wealdi wiU not be given,

But forrow and anxiety :

\Vhatever God hath done, he wiU not reverfe. '{h)

The fon of íîcknefs (c) has been a briík youth, he had the lot

Öf ftiaring in a king*s ìtoúrt ;

May he fee God when he is going hence !

Of what is doing, ît is now concluded)

Let him that reads \l coníìdeir,

That what is deteẁed here by mah is detefted bý God aWe.

{a) Thîs proYcrb U ]prettiiy gìveii în Englynìony Clywaìdi by a hẅì oí the tenth centary i

A glywcifti a gânt Avaön>

Vab Talieíin, gerdd gyyiont

Ni ^êl grudd cyftudd calon;

JDidft thou hearhow Avaön fang,

The fon of Talie/in, whofe mufe was juft ;

The countenance cannot conceal the forrow of the heart

[b) DavydJ ab Gnmlymp á bard who ílouriíhed m the latter part of 'the fburteehth centliry,

(an editioa of whofe works were lately printed in London^) hath paraphrafed this, in his ele^ant

pocm to XHi|y«ẃfii— ■

Nid adwna, da ei dangnety.

Duw a wnaeth) nid ai nêv.

(r) 'Tbf fin of/chiefs. There is a doubt, whether this is an epithet for the bârd, or a proper

name $ it has been talcen for the latteri The original, if wrìtten a compound word is Mabglav }

etfjichforafon ; if uncompounded ; as Mab clavf itimpiies the fìck fon^ fíck manj or, the man

of ficknefs. According to fome manufcripts, Llytoarf had a fon called Mab Clav 5 but perhapt

it ìs inakiog the epithet a proper name òjt miftake.

[ 68 í

ŸNGLYNION.

GM* A Wl) gwynt o'r deheu ; gnäwd adncu yn llart ;
Gnawd gwr gwan gpdeneu :
Gnaẃd i ddyn ovyn çwedlau ;

Gnáwd gwynt o*r Dwyrain ; gnawd dyn brönraia balç }
Gnaẅd mwyalç ynmhlith drain ;
Gnaẁd rhag traha tìra llevain ;
Chawd yn ngwîg gael cig o traiil.

Gnawd gwynt oV Gogíedd ; gnawd rhiänedd çweg^
Gnawd gwi* teg yn Ngwynedd ;
Gnáwd i deym arlẃy gwledcí ;
Gnawd gŵcdy llỳn lledvrydedd.

Gnawd gwynt oV Môr ; gnawd dygyyor Uanw i
Gnawd i vanw vagu hôr ;
Gnawd i voç turiaw cylor.

Gnawd gwynt oV Mynydd ; gnáẃd merydd yn mro j
Gnawd gael to yh ngweunydd ;
Gnawd dail| a gwyail, a gwydd.

Gnawd nyth Eryr yn mlaen dâr,
Ac yn nghyvyrdy gwyr llaçar ;
Golwg vynud ar a gär.

Gnawd dydd a thanllwyth yn nghynllaith gauäiri
Cynreimott cynrwyddiaith ;
Çnawd aelwyd ddifydd yn ddiÊûth^

PROYERBIAL VERSES. (a)

WIND comes fram the fouth ; the church-yard is ^ receîver of
The wealcling will be flender: [pledges ;

A man is ufed to enquire after news.

Winds from Ûie es^ft ; proud is the ipim that (Wells out his breaft ;

The thruíh is accuilomed to bç s^mong the thoms ;

Againft oppreífion there will be an outcry ;

The crows are uíçd to ^i^d ^ carripn in th^ çoriier of the p2|rkt

Wind comes from the north ; youn|[ d^mfels are lo^ely,
|n GwyncddTà comely man may be feen \
A prince is accuftomed to proride a feaft \
After drink derangcment of thç fenfçîs U ufual.

Wind comcs from thc fea ; the hîgh tìdc wiU overflow ;

The fow is ufed to breed vermine,

The fwine are ufed to furn the grouqd fçr th^ir nut^.

Wind comes from the mountain, the yale ^bounds with ftagnant pools.
|n the maríhes it is ufual to iind thatdi ;
There will be leaves, tender íh^ots^ ai^d tiPees*

In the top of the oak there will be an eagle's neft \
And in the alehoufe intemperate lo^uacious men ;
The eye will glancc upon the ppe it loves.

When wintcr begins to pour its moifture, a roufing fire i^ ufua],

■^yith the eloquent men of fpears ;

Thc hearth of the faithleft will \ç made a defert.

(tf) Some MSS. attrîbute thefe to JJýwarçi fnppofing that he dîd amnge the pioyeihji
into ftanf asy for the moreealy retaining in memory, tt is for thatonly any merit is due to him^ ai
Ììüc jiusiins were fcparately Juiown time immem^riai.

[ 70 ]

MARWNAD CYNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWYN,

SEVWC allan vorwynion, a fyllwç wçrydrc Gynddylanj
Llys Pengwem neud tandde ?
Gwàe ieuaìnc à eiddynt brodre ! (a)

Un pren â gwyddvid amo, (í)
Odianc ys odidr (c)
A yỳno Duw deryid l{ä)

Cynddylan calon iaën gauav,
A wânt Twrç trwy ei ben, (e)
Ti a roddaift cwrwv Tren. (/)

Cynddylan calon goddaith wanwyn,
O gy vlwyn am gyviaith, (g)
Yìì amwyn Tren, trev ddifaith.

Cynddylan bevyr-boft cy wlad, (b)
Cadwynawg çyndyniawg cad, (i)
Amyfgai Tren,' (^k) trey çi dâd.

{a) Lí. Du. Gwae îeuanc a eiddyn brodyrddc (ncu, brodyrdc.)

(b) Neu, Unpren a govitamau.

(c) Neu, O diemic yrodit.

{d) Neu, Ac a fynno Duw dcrffid.

(ff) Neu, A unant turch truy y bcnn.

(/) Neu, Cu (tw) 9 fodciftcuruf (twrwf)Trcnn,

{g) Ncu, O gyfly yn amgyficith.

{h) Ncu, bwyrboft lcyulat.

(i) Neu, Cildynnauc cat.

(k) Ncu, A myfcci (myfcc) trcnj neu, Amucfei Tren.

( 7^ )

ELEGY ON CYNDDYtAN AB CYNDR^WYN.

STAND out ye yirgins, and behold thc habitation of Cynddylan \
The royal palace of Pengtf^em {a) is it not in flames^
Woe \o thç young ones that long to enter into focial ties !

One tree, around which die twining woodbine clafps,

Shall peròhance efcape ;

^ut what God wills let that be done !

Cynddylan^ thy hear tis like the icc of winter,
Thou wert pierced by Twr^ through the head:
Thou haft givcn the ale of T^ren f {b)

Cynddylany thy heart was like fire cònfuming heath in fpriag ; .
In embracing the fociety of thy countrymen,
And in dcfe^ding Treny now a town laid wafte !

Çynddylan^ the glorious piUar of his country,

'íhe obftinate toiler in the conflîft that wore the chain, (c)

The defcnder of Tf^ji, the patrimony of his fire.

(i?) Or tìic heüà of'tbt mea/hw ; now Shrewíbttry. The fcenç of this \Jiçle poem Ues in thc
Beìghbourhood.

{b) Tren, the name of a town, and alfo arìyer: ît might; be Trcnt m Staffqrdflire\ hot more
lUcely Tem^ tn Sbroffiire. This *íren was the li||ro^rQ[ of Cyndruyn, the father of Cynddyían.

[é) Cadfwynawg and Eurdorfowg are fynooymous i that is> wearìng ^ çhaio, t r> wearìng a
çolden tor^uiít | which was the badge of honour of an ancient Britííh warrior*

^4

7« MARWNAD CYNDDYJLAV AB GYNDÄWYK,

Cynddylan vyvyr-bwyll o vri, (a)
Cadwynawg, cyndyniawg Uu,
A myígai (b) Trcn hyd tra vu !

Cynddylan calon milgi,

Fan ddiigỳnai yn ngbymhclri cSâ^

Celanedd a laddai,

Cynddylan calon hebawg,
Buddai'r enmr cynddciriawg, (c)
Ccnau Cyndrwyn cyndyniawg.

Cynddylan calon gwyth-hwç ; (d)
Pan ddifgynai yn mhriv-lwç câd^ (c)
Cclanedd yn ddeu-drwç.

Cynddylan gulhwç gynniviad Ucw
Blaidd ddylyn ddifgyniad ; {/)
Níd aâver Twrç trcv ci däd*

Cynddylan, hyd tra attad
Ydd adai ci galon mor wylad,
Gantaw, mal y twrwv i gâd. (b)

(a) LL Du. CynddylanvyvyrbwyU(bcTyrl>wyU) offrî<ry.)

4^) Neu, A mufcei ; neu, a mycfei.

Ìí) IŴà, ë«diliir, (fleu, Èu tmt^ tnmrcyMtmMWg,

{d) Ncu, CyndyJan callon guythhuch. ^

^^ Meib'PiiÌ^I» ead.

(/) ^«u,4]fei (tlfti) dtlyn dtt gynnytt.

Ìli Veu| MflÁ y gujnrf'y gat

Cynddylariy eminent for fagacity of thought,

Wearing the chain of honour, {a) foremoft ip thç hoŵf

Theprote^or of Tren^ whilft he lived.

Cynddylan^ with the heart of a greyhound,

When he defcended into the mutual conâiâ of battle^

A camage he would make.

Cynddylan^ with a heart Iike a baw^,

In the caufe of truth obftmately-outrageous he would be :

The cub of Cyndrwyn^ the ftubbpm ooc*

Cynddylan^ wîth thc heart of a wild boar ;

When he defcended into the commencing tumidt of battle,

There was camage heaped on carnage,

Cynddylan^ the hungry boar, a deprcdator a^ a fiPU bold,
Or like the wolf tracing the ŵllco carcaic ;
7Wf wiU not reftore the patrimony «of his ílref

Cynddylan^ whilft towardsthec he
Beftowed his heart, how warm the aflfeílîoa
jEIe had ; but like tfac ft»rm in the battlc.

(41} Anettrmy m liis Godoäiftf celebrates feTeral heroei, ẅo wcir Ip the battle of Cattraethi dHt
wore the golden chaín :

Cwyr a gryfíafant, buant gydnaid^

Hoedylvyrion ineddwon u^ medd hidlaid i

Gofgordd Yynyddawg eurawg yn rhaid,

Gwerth eu gwledd o vedd yu eu henaid !
Heroet armed with fp^ apd leapt toge^r onward»
Short were their liyeSÿ drunk with fweet mead diftillM |
The men of Myryddawgf who in the coníliâ wore the goUea Mffi
The price ẃf tbeir cajroufia o?er wtíá wcre äieir foult.

\,

1

74 MARWNAD CYNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWYN.

Cynddylan Powys borfor wyç yt,
Cell cíbyd bywyd ior ; (a)
Ccnau Cyndrwyn c>yynitor !

Cynddylan wyn vab Cyndrwyn,
Ni mâd wifg baryy am ei drwyn, (b)
Gwr ni bu gwcU no morwyn. (c)

Cynddylan, cymmwyad wyt, (d)
Ar meithyd na vcddyliwyd, (e)
Am drcbull tuU dy yfgwyd. (/)

Cynddylan, cac di y rhiw,

Er yddaw Llocgyrwys hcddiw : (g)

Amgcledd am un nid gwiw l (h)

Cynddylan, cae di y nen, (í)

Yn i ddaw (k) Lloegyrwys drwy Drcn :

Ni elwir coed o un-pren. (/)

Gan vy nghalon i mor dru,

Cyffylltu yftyllod du,

Gwyn-gnawd Cynddylan cynran canllu ! (m)

(a) Ncu, Cell a bytbywyt jor.

(ò) Ncu, Fy mad-wifc baraf am cî drwyn.

(f ) Ncu, Gwr ny lcs gwell no morwyn.
{ä) Ncti, Cymoyt (cynwuyt) wyt.

(e) Neu, Armcithyd na vcdvlyuyt (bydylwyt)
(/) Neu, Am drcbwU twU dy yfgwyt.

(g) Ncu, Yr ydau (yng ddaw) Lloegrwys heddîw.

(b) Nçu, Nîdyw gwiwj ncu, nid iwj ncu, nydiu.
(i) Ncu, Cae di dy ncnn.

{k) Ncu, Yng ddaw; neu, yn y dau.
{/) L/. Du. Ny clvir cocl o unprcn.
(m) Neu, Cyngran caoUu.

^LEPY ON CVNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWYN. 75

Çynddylaríj the fplendid purple of Powys to thee beloaged,
The f^treat of ftrangers was the life of my lord —
The warlike fon of Cyndrwyn for thee my moaning í

Cynddylan^ thou comely fon of Gyndrwyny

It is not proper that a beard íhould be worn round tlie nofe^

By a man who has been no better than a maîd,

Çynddylan^ thou wert a fierce antagonift,

Thou wouldeft perform feats tiU then unthought of,

Around the fcope of the íhelter of thy íhield.

Cynddylany guard thou the cliff, (0)

Againft any Lloegyrians {b) that may come this day ;

Concern for one íhould not avail ]

Cynddylanj guard tbou the height,

Until the Lioegyrlans come through Tren :

One tree cannot be called a wood.

My heart how ît throbs witli mifery,

That the black boards (hould be joined, to inclofe

The fair fleih of Cynddylan^ the foremoft in a hundred hofts I

(ä) The Rbtwy or C/ÿJ may be the namc of a place 5 though the coötrary fcnfc fecms moft
probable to be ríght here» when thc next ftanza is taken into confidcrationy where it is cxpreired
#n anocher word,

{b) Uoegyr'umt, the people of Lloegyr. The fouth part of Englandy boundcd by the Sevem
and thc Humòer, exclufive ofComwal/, was thç ancient Lloegyr; but thcre is rcaCbn to conclude
that the namc was once confined to a ftUl lefler extent of country ; or fo much of the fouthcm
coaft as the Belgìc Gauh poíTefled ; who did not coalefce in thc Cynmry, and there was a confi*
dcrablc dififcrence in thcir dialcâs. But Uoegyr now implics England 'm gcncraL

Ì

76 MAÄlHrNAD CYNPDV|:.AN A9 ÇYNDHWr»,.

Yftavell Cyn^ylan ys tyẃyll bcnoi,
Heb dân, hcb wely—
Wylay dro, Uwav wedy !

Yílavcll Cynddylan ys tywyÖ hÉno^

Heb dân, hcb ganwyU—

Namyn Duw, pwy îi*m dyry pwylt !

Yftavcîl Cynddylan ys tywyll hcnOf
Heb dân, hcb oleuad —
Elid amdaw am dam^ !

Yftavell Cynddylan ys tywyll ci ncnf
Gwedy gwên gy weiihydd-r-
Gwae ni wna da a*i dywydd ! (a) "

Yftavell Cynddylan neud aethwyd hçb wcdd^ (*)
Mae yn medd dy yfgwyd;/^)
Hyd tra vu, ni bu doll glwyd !

Yftavcll Cynddylan ys dîgariad beno
Gwedy V neb pieuva4-^ (^)
Wi ! ŵ ang;^u, byr ^t'm gad 1 (e)

Yftavell Cynddylan nid cfmwyth hcno, (/)

Ar ben Carcg Hydwyth, (g)

Heb nêr, heb mver, hcb ammwydi !

(tf) Kctt, Ae dyvyd j oe«, Ae4ywy44*
(à) Neu> Aeäuiyt heb ued.

(c) Neu, Mm ym bfld dy y£ciiy t («(cwyt)

(d) Ne\)> Guedy^ neb pieu vat.

{e) Neu, Owi a angeu byr im gad ; neu, WÌ t agheubyr tm g^t

(/) Neu, Ncud eifinwydd hcno.

(^) Nou, Carreg hydwydd (hytuyth.)

ELEGY ON CYÎÍ1>DYLAN AB CYÍÎDR^tYlff. ^^

^Thc hall of Cynddylah ẃ glöómy this night,

\Vithout firc, wîthout bed —

î muft whcèp awhite, and then be filent ^

*rhc halì of Cynddylan is gloowiy thîs night,

Without fire, without candle —

Ëxcept God doth, who wiU endue tat with palitrlcòl

Thc hall díCynddylan Is glôotìiỳ thîs night,
Without fire, without being lighted —
& thou encircitd with fptieadibg filence !

*rhc hall Òf Cyndáyhn^ gloomy íecms its robF,
Since the fweet rmile of humanity is no morc~
Woe to him that faw it, if hc msglcfts to do good Ì

iThe hall öf Cynddylany art thöu not bercft of tìíy appeáíártẃi

*rhy íhicld is in the grave;

Whiltt hc lÌYcdi therc was no btt>ken ítẁf !

Thc hall of Cynddylan isi without love tîiis hîght> ^

Shicê hc that ownèd it is no more —

Ahỳ Death I it will be but a íhort timc he ẃill leave iíiej

The hall of Cynddylan is höt eafy this night j

On the top of the rock of ìlyduìyìh^

Without its lord, ẅithout compatiỳj without thé cireliẁg feafts ! {a)

(«) iéintiirm a6<|Ua!nts os, In tht Ccdodi^, H^hat fott of compẃiÿ trt\^tíẅU thefe feaft^

Crau cynhynt cjnnullynt reîawr,

Yn gyílran, «lal taran tŵrÿv ittìcẃr*^

CydytéSîl védd gîoyẃ ŵrth lîw babîr J

Cyd Tû da ei ÿUs tì gâs bn hir !
To thé firft tmfet îóỳ bk>dd ûst ŵatriors woûld nptàt,
With fnmti upriftcd, haríh thunder the tumult of thtír MdAu^
Onrpárklmg ffiead they äaútually caroufed by the light of torchts }
Thottgh iti taftc wat fwett» Iẁg was th« ẅoe tt hMtíght !

78 MARWNAD CYNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWYN.

Yftavcll Cynddylan ys tywyll hcno, (ö)
Heb dân, lieb gerddau —
Dygyftudd deurudd dagrau I

Yftavell Cynddylan ys tywyll henO|
Heb dân, heb deulu —
Hidyl mau yd gỳnu ! (b)

Yftavell Cýttddylan a*m gwân eî gweled, (c)

tìcb doëd, hcb dân — (éí)

Marw vy nglyw, byw my hunan I (e)

YftavcII Cynddylan ys peîthiawg hcno, (/)
Gwcdy cedwyr-voddawg :
£lvan, Cynddylan, Caeawg. (g)

Yftavell Cynddylan ys oergrai hcno^

Gwedy y.parç a'm buai ;

Heb wyr, heb ẁragedd a'i cadwai !

Yftavell Cynddylan ys arav heno^

Gwcdy colli ci hynav —

Y riiawr drugarawg Dduw, pa wnav ! {h)

Yftavcll Cynddylan ys ty wyll ei nen,
Gwcdy diva o Locgyrwys, (i)
Cynddylan, ac Elvan Powys !

(a) Neuy StaTell Gyndylan yílywyll henoi

(b) Neu, Hidyl ineu ytgynnu.

(<) U. Cof, Yftayell Cynddylan amgen ei gweieá,

{d) Ll Cof. Heb doeth heb dan ; U, Du, Heb doet heb ha^

(e) Lh Du, Maru vyglyu byu mu hunan*

(/) Ll, Cof, Ys peithwae heno; neU| Ys peithwg heiiab

{g) Neu, jCueawc.

{b) LI, Co^, Y mawr-drlgawc Dduw pa woaf,

(i) Neu, Gwedy dyva o Loegyruys.

ELEGY ON^CYNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWYN. 79

Thc hall of Cynâdylan is gloomy this night>
Without fire, without fongs—
Tcare affiŵ the cheeks !

The hali oF Cynddylan îs gloomy this nîght,
Without fire, without family-^
My OYcrflowing tears guíh out !

The hall of Cynddylan pîerces me to fee it,

Without a covering, without fire —

My general is dead, and I alive myfelf ! *

Thc hall of Cynddylan is openly expofed this night, {a)
Âfter being the contented refort of warriors :
Ehan^ Cynddylan^ and Catog !

The hall of Cynddylan is the feat of chiü grief this night,

After the rcrpeft I experienced ;

Widiout the men, without thc women, who refided therc I

*rhe hall of Cynddylan is filent this night,

After lofing its mafter —

The great mercifiil God, what fliall I do !

The hall cíCynddylan^ gloomy feems its rorf,
Since the Llotgyrians have deftroyed
Cynddylan ànd Ehan oíPowys l

[a) Tht word rendered xxpoixd, is riiTHiAWG, from paith, a beiag bare, nafced, or ia
fttll view; fo dyffiynỳmtb is a plain ▼alley, without hoafes, inolofures, or any thing to internipt
the íight. All words that are common to tiie Latm and tiie language of tfae Cynmryf that have
fyllables terminatìng with ct in the former, have aiways tr to correfpond in the latter; hence
St feems that Pict and Paith are the fame. So Paitb is the root of the oame of the PìSsy in
Britmi and Piitbiwf from Pâtb, aifo of the people«f PoiÛou ia France,

to MAItWHAD CYNẂDYtÀff ÀB CỲẂbHWYlf^

YftâVcll Cynddylan ys tywyll hcno ^
O blant Cyndrwyn :
Cynon, a Gwion» a gwyn.

Yftavell Cynddylan ä^m erwan, pob awt^
Gwedy mawr amgynnyrddan, {a)
A welais ar dy bentan !

Eryr Ëli, ban ei lev»

Llewíai gWyr Uyn, (í)

Crau calon Cynddylan Wyn ! (c)

Eryr Eti» g^orelwi heno»

Yn ngwaed gwyr gwynnovi :

Ev yn nghocd, trwm hocd itnìì (d)

Eryr Eli a glywav heno»
Grculyd y w, ni's beiddiav— *^
Ev yn nghoed, trwm hoed amav I

Eryr Eli gorthrỳmed heno,
Dyfrynt Meifir, mygedawg
Dir Broçvacl i hir rhygodd«d !

Eryr Eli cçcidw ftiyr,
Ni thraidd pyfgod yn ebyr ;
Gelwid gwelcd o waed gwyr. (e)

Çà) U ÙUé Ytíméì Oytd^ tnorwaii p«b m

G#cd|r nütwr aoghyyrm (tfitkyyyidani)

l^) MC^. UetAeMgwyrUyn. £/»!>«. GttyrUyniU

(0 JJ* Av» Otf^hm Kynà fìiSìWfíin.

l^) tlÉUf Gct 7flû$ M«, Anüf fi.

jL/. ẁ» Erjrr Eli ^rélw( fceno eu gwaed gWyrg;w]r«n9ft
£fi goet trwm hoet amaf jmu

W U. ûfu Gí^t^uclct (gwelit) wact gwyr.

èLegy on gynddylan ab cykdrwyn. ^^'

The hall oîCynddylan is gloomy this night,
Èereaved of the fons of Cyndrwyn^
Cynorty and Gwìony and Gwyn,

The hall oiCynddylan^ thou pierceft me thröugh every hour,

After all the great re-echoing clamour

That I have feen around thy hearth ! ^

The eagle oîElì^ [a) loud his cry,

After drinlcing freíh beverage,

The throbbing fluid of the heart of fair Cynddylan !

Eagle of Elì^ thou doíÌ: loudly fcream to night,
In the blood of men thou doft eagetly wallow~
He is in the wood : [b) heavy is my longing !

*
The eagle of £// 1 hear this night,
He is bloody, I will not dare him — •
He is in the wood : heavy is my load of grief !

The eágle oíEli, let him opprefs this night

The valley olMeìJìr^ (r) the celebrated

Land oi Broçuael^ [d) long has it been afllifted \

The eagle of Elì narrowly watchcs the feas,
The fifli dare not penetrate the ÌRÍets j
He calls that he fees the blood of men.

(tf) Probably fome neîghbouring crag frequcnted by éagles; though îtmîght have been the
ttameof a man.

( b) It is not clear whether the allufion îs to thceagle being in the wood, or that Cynddylan was
inclofeâ in a íhrine ; but moft lilcely the latter is meant.

[c) Perhaps the exten(ÌTe fpace in which Sbrewjbury is lituated.

{d) Brofvael, or Bro^il Tfgîtbrawg prince ofPovyh who copmîinded thc Brttm la the battl«
^S Bangdr,

G

< \

MARWNAD CYNDDYIíAN AB CYNDRWYN,

Eryr Eli, gorynidda coed,

Cyvorc ciniawva ; (a)

A'i Uawç Uwyddid ei draha ! (b)

Eryr Pengwern, pen-gam Uwyd,
Aruçel ei adlais, (c)
Eiddig am gîg à gerais ! (ä)

Eryr Pengwern, pen-garn Uwyd,

Aruçel ei ieuan,

Eiddig am gîg Cynddylan !

Eryr Pengwern, pen-jgarn Uwyd,

Aruçel ei adav,

Eiddig am gîg a garav ! (e)

Eryr Pengwern pell galwawd heno, (/)
Ar waed gwyr gwylawd :
Rhy gelwir Tren trev ddifawd.

Eryr Pengwern pell gelwid heno>

Ar waed gwyr gwelid :

Rhy gelwir Tren trev lethrid.

Eglwyfau Bafla ynt £aeth heno^
Y diwcdd ymgynnwys, (g)
Cledyr câd, calon Argoedwys.

(a) Ll, Cc^. Cyvore ciniawa.
(ò) Neu, Ae llauj lluydit y draha.
(í) Neu, Aruchel y aths (neu, addes.)
(d) Ll. Co^. Eiddîg a^n gig a garcs.
(íî) Neu, gîg Cynddylan.
(/) Neu, Pell galwant heno.
^) Neu, y diued ymgynnuys.

EÍEGY ON CYNDDYLAN AË CYNDRWYN.- 83

The eägle of Elì wanders among the woods,
Èarly with the dawn he takes his repaft ;
May he that allures him profper in his wiles I

The eagle of Pen^erriy with the broẁn beafc^

Very loud is his fcream,

Jealous for the fleíh of him I loved !

The eagíe of Pengwern^ with thc brown beak,*
Very loüd is his clamour,
Jealous for the flefli of Oÿnddylah !

The eagle of Pengwern^ wîth the brown beakí

Very loud is his howling,

Jealous for the flefli of him I lor^e ! (a)

The eagle of Pengwern, calling far abou|: this night,
On the blood of men keeps watching :
Hencé Tren ftiall be called a town unfortunate:

The éagle of Pengwern callè far about this riight,

On the blood of men he is feen :

Hence Tren ftiall be called the flaming town;

The churches bí Bajja {b) are enriched this night,

Containing the departed remains

Of the pillar of battle, the Heárt of the mẁi oiArgoed.

(tf) Thîs íbuisá feems to be onljr a dÌíFerent feadin| of âie precedîng one, crfept Into the text
Ì>y miftake.

{b) There is no certaînty of the lituation: òf the town called Egîtoyfau Sajfa ; but we may
íuppofc it was near the fcene of adtion, Accordîng to Nennius, one of Artbur^% battles was
fought near a place of diis name.

Gi

\

84 MARWNAD CYNDDYLAN AB CYNDRẀyHl

Eglwyfau Baffa ynt faeth hetio; (a)

Vy nhavawd a'u gwnaeth ;

Rhudd ynt hwy, rhwy vy hiraeth ! (i);

Eglwyfau Baffa ynt wng heno^ (r)
I etivedd Cyndrwyn :
Mablan Cynddylan wyn I

Eglwyfau Baffa ynt dirion heno,

Ys gwaedlyd eu meiUion : {d)

Rhudd ynt hwy, rhwy vy nghalon ! {e}

Eglwyfau Baffa collafant eu braint»
Gwedy y diva o Loegyrwys
Cynddylan, ac EIvan PoWys. (/)

Eglwyfau BaÄa ynt ddiva heno,
Eu cedwyr ni phara ; {g)
Gwyr a ẁyr, a mi yma.

Eglwyfau Baflà ynt barwar heno, {h}

A minnau wyv dyar :

Rhudd hwy, rhwy vy ngalar ! (/)

{a) Ll. Du, Ynt tîrion heno.
(^ j LL Du. Rüd ynthwy a hvry fý hiracth* •
(f ) Neu, Ynt yng heno y etived Cyndrwyn.
(</) Neu, Y gwaeth eu meillyon.

LL Du. Ys gwaedly (gwaedlef) ei mciUi«í<
(e) LL Pu. Rhudd yn hwy rhwy fy iighaloiw

Neu, Rud ynt vy rwy vygcallon.
(/) Neu, Kyndyl ac £lvam Powys.
{g) Neu, Y -chetwyr ny phara.
{b) Neu, Yntbarvar hcno.
( 'i ) Ncu, Rud vy rwy yyggalarf

f;tEGY ON CYNDBYLAN AB CYNDRWYKv 85

The churches oíBaJJa are enriched to nîght ;

My tongue occaiioned it;

Red are they, my longing is extreme !

The churches oíBaJJa aflFord fpace to night,
To the progeny of Cyndrwyn—
The grave-houfe of fair Cynddylan!

The churches oiBa£a are gay this night,

Bloody are their trefoils : ,

Red are thçy, my heart is brolcen !

The churches of Bajpi have loft their privikge,
Since the Lloegyrìans (0) have deftroyed
Cynddylariy and Ehan oij^owys.

The churches of BaJJc^ are fated to perifli this nîght,

Their warriors will not remain ;

JSe loiows, that knoweth*all, aad I alfo know»

The churches of Bajfa are filent this night,

And I am clamprous —

Red are they, my forrow îs extreme !

{a) Lloegyrìansy ftríâly fo called, were the Beîgic colony, before-mentloned ; but at thîi.
períod we may fuppofe they were intermixcd »vith other people 5 and that Lloegyr, 'm this paíTage
implies fuch portìon of the ifland, as was inhabited by Üìe people fo mixed, under the denomina-
úoiì of Romanhied Britons. There isnotone inftance where the Saxons or Englijb are called
Lloegyrians, though Engl^nd is cs^ed Uoegyr to thi^ day ; but Sacjon is dtö only name giren xm
Úxç,EngIi/b,

O3

86 MARWNAD CÝNDDYLAN AB CYNDRW¥Ìr.

Y drev wen yn mron y coed,
Ys ev yw ei hevras cirioed,

Ar wyneb ei gwellt y gwaed, («)

Y drev wen yn y tymrayr,
Ei lievras, ei glas vyvyr,

Ei gwaed a dan draed ei gwyr. (i)

Y drev wen yn y dyfrynt,

Llawen y byddair wrth gyvamug câd, (c)
Ei gwerin neu'r derynt \ (ä)

Y drev, wcn rhwng Tren a Throd wydd,
Oedd gnodaç yfgwyd tòn

Yn dyvod o gâd, nog yt ŷç yn eçwydd. (e)

Y drev Wôn rhwag Tren a Thraval,
Oedd gnodaç y gwaed (/)

Ar wyneb gweUt, nog çredig braenar.

(jwyn ei vyd, Freuer, (g) moryw haint
Heno, gwedy colli cevnaint ; (h)
O anfawd vy nhavawd yd lefaint 1

(û) Ncu, Ar uyneb y guellt y guaet.
(h) Neu, Ÿ drcv uen ynyt (yn yd) hymyr

Y hevras y glas vyvyr

Y guaet a 4^ draet y guyr.

(c) Neu, L^auen y bydeir vrrth gyvamud kat.

(d) Neu, Y gueryn neur dcrynt

(e) Neu, Noc yt ych y echuyd.

(/) Neu, Oed gnodach y gavat5 ncu, Gnoch y guact (guaet yn ar.)
(h) Neu, Guyn y vyt Frc^crj neu, Guyn y vyt Trciry,
(/) Ncu, Ccuneint.

ELEGY ON CYNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWYN. 87

The white town in the íkirt of the wood,
Of its youth from time immemorial has been
On the furface of the grafs thcir blood.

The white town in the cultivated plain,
Its youth, its blue fons of contemplation, (a)
And its blood, are under the feet of men.

The white town in the valley,

Joyful were its inmates when called to mutual aid in battle,

But its citizens are they not gone !

The white town between Tren and Trodwyddy {b)
More ufual in it was to fee the brolcen íhield,
Coming from battle, than the returning ox at eve.

The white town betwcen Tren and Trqvaly

More ufed was it to have the blood

On tlie grafs, than to plough the fallow land.

AhSf Freuer f how great the anguiíh

This night, after the lofing of lcindred ;

Py the misfortune of my tongue they were flain !

{a) The orîgînal ha? blue contempîation ; or as it may bc eipreíTed, grey-clad contemflatton. It
inay be fuppofcd that thc Bards arc meanti as the gençral drefs of thc order wa§ unicolour of
^y-blue.

(^) The three riyers Tren, TrodttydJ, and Travaly here mentioned, might enable one ac-
quaintcd with thc topography of Shroplhhrc to point out, pcrhaps, thc fpot whcrc the tpwD of
fren ftood.

G4

88 MARWNAD CYNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWY^»

Gwyn ei vyd, Freuer," mor y w van hciîo,

Gwedy angau EIvan.

Ac eryr Cyndrwyn, Cynddylan !^

Nid angau Freuer a'm de henoî
Am ddanmorth brodyrdde,
Dihunav, wylav vore ! (0)

Nid angau Freuer a'm gwna haint;
O ddeçreu nos hyd ddewaint,
Dihunav, wylav bylgaint !

Nid angau Freuer (i) a'm tren^iyn henp,
A'm gwna gryd iau melyn, . •
A çoçau dagrau dros erçwyn !

Nid angau Freuer a emywav heno, (c)
Namyn niy hun mi wan-glav ; (d)
Vy mrodyr, a'm tymmyr a gwynav !

Freuer wen, brodyr a'th vaeth,
Ni hanoeddynt o'r difaeth,
Gwyr ni vegyiit vygyliaeth ! (e)

Freuer wcn, brodyr a'th vu,

Pan gly^yynt gyvrenin llu

Ni eçwyddai fydd ganthu ! (/) ^

{a) Neu, Du hunav uylav vore,

(h) Ncu, Ny agheu fFreuer,

(f) Neu, Ny agheu fFreuer a emuaf heno#

{(i) Neu, Ny wanglaf.

(í) Neu, Wyr ny fegynt uygylyaeth.

(/) Neu, Ny cchuydéi fydë ganthu.

LL Du. Ni echyfyddai fydd ganthu.

I

ELEGY ON CyNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWYN. $g

Alas, Freuer ! how loud the moaning this night,

After the death of £lvanj

And the eagle of Cyndrwyn^ Cynddylan I

It is not the death of Freuer that affliáts me this nîght ;
It is the iU-fated cnd of Ibcial comfort,
That breaks my íleep, and I early weep !

It is nót the death of Freuer that fills me with pain ;
From the beginning of night tiU midnight,
I lceep awake, and weep through the momin^ !

It is not the deathì of Freuer^ that makes me watch to nighty
That gives me the y ellow jaundiced fever,
That makes the red tears flow over the bed-fide 1

It is not the death of Freuer that tcìrments me this nîght,

Nor myfelf that am feebly- fick,

But it is my brothers {a) and jny kindred that I moum J

Fair Freuer^ they Were brothers who cheriíhed thcc,
That were npt defcended from a bafe origin,
They were men who did not cheriíh timidity.

Fair Freuery to thee there were brothers,

Who when they heard the claíhing fpears of an army,

Would not fuíFer the abode of reft to ftand over them.

(tf) It does not appear that the tcrm hrothers^ ufed here, can mean any more than the friend*,
with whom the Bard had formed an intimacy 5 though, perhaps, he might have married Freuery a
daughter of Cyndrwyn, who feems to have been dead before the fall of her brothers m the battle
o£ Tren»

MARWNAD CYNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWyN».

Mi, a Freuer, a Medlan,

Cyd vo câd yn mhob man,

Ni*n tawr ni laddawr ein rhan. (a)

Y mynydd, cyd ad vo uwç,

Nid eiddigav, av i ddwyn vy muwç,

Er yfgawn gan rai vy rhuwç. {b)

Amhayal ar Avaerwy,

Ydd aä Tren yn y Trydonwy,

Ac ydd aä Twrç yn Marçawy. (c)

Arabaval ar Elwydden, (d)
Ydd aä Trydonwy yn Nhren,
Ac ydd aä Geirw yn Alwen. (e)

Cyn hu vy nghylçed groenen gavyr, (/)

Galed ; çwannawg i gelen,

Rhym gorug yn veddw vedd Tren. (g)

Gwedy vy mrodyr o dymmyr Havren,
I am ddwylan Ddwyry w ;
Gwae^vi Dduw, vy mod yn vyw!

(a) Neu, Nyn taur ny ladaur an ran,
(^) Neu, Y mynyd ky t at vo uçh

Ny t eidigafaf y duyn vym buch

Yr ysgaun gan rci vy ruch.
(c) Neu, Amhaval ar avaeruy

Yd y Tren yn yTrydonuy

Ac yd aa Turch ym marchauy.
(</) Ncu, Am ha^l ar Elyydcn (Elfyddcn.)
(í) Ll. Du. Geirw am Alwen. ,

(/) Neu, Cyn bu vyghylchet crocnen (groen) gawyf.
(^) Neu, Rum goruc y wedu ved Trcn.

Ll, Du, Rym gorug yn feddw fedd brynn.

JELEGY' GN CYNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWYlf, ^l

Me, and Freuer^ and Medlan^

Whilft there is a battle in every place,

We are not contentcd, if there are not flain our Iharcs.

The mountain, if it íhould be ftill highcr,

í wiU not become peeviíh, but wiU go to take my cow,

Though light fome may deem my íhaggy cloalc. {a)

In parallel windings with Avaerwy^

JDoth Trm glide into the rough Trydonwy^ (í)

And alfo the ftream of Twrç into Marfawy.

In parallel windings with Elwydden^

Doth Trydonwy unite with Tren^

jSo alfo flows the Geìrw into Jlwen. {c)

Before my covering was made of the hide of the goat

Df the hardy fpecies ; intent after carnage,

J havç been made drunk with the mead of Tren,

After my brothers of the bordering dales of Hanjren^ (d)
I wander the banks of the Dŵyryw~(e)
Woe to me, my Göd, that I am Iiving t

(a) It would be difficult to pretend to cxplaîn thîs ftan^a-

(ò) Uncertain what river } but Dyvyrdonwy is an epithet gîven fometîmes to the Díí, exprcflîrè
pîîts foamy waves j and Trydontüy gives the fame idea j and perhaps with the fame propricty ap-
plied to the Se'uern, If the Se^ern is not mcant by that appellatîon, the river now called 7>r»
cannot be the Tren mentîoned here.

(c) The Alwen, or the veryfoamy watcr, falls into the Dee a little above Corwen».

(d) The Se'uern j of which Hai/rcn is the root, with Ts prefisC
(r) IbiDee,

9t JtfARWNAD .CVirDDyi.AN AB CYNDHWYlf,

Gwedy meirç hywedd, a çoçwedd ddillâd^

A phluawr melyn,

Main vy Jighoes, má oes yoi drcmyn !

Gwartheg Edeyrniawn ni l>uant gerddeniiis
A çan nçb nid aethant yn myw (a)
GcMwyniawn, gwr o UwçnanL {b)

Gwartheg Edeyrniawn ni buant getddenii^

A çhan neb ni çcr^yfit,

Ynmyw GprwyniawJi,^wr edvynt i (c)

Edwyn warth gwarthegydd,
Gwerth gwyl a negydd ; (d)
Ar a ddy vo dragwarth a'i dexd>ydd^

Mi a wyddwn à oedd da,
Gwaed ara eu gilydd .gwrda,

Rhag gwraig Gwrthmwl byddai g^yâi>,
Heddyw byddai ban ei dyfgyr
Hi, gyn na diva ei gwyr. (e)

Tywarçen Ercql ar âr dywal

Wyr, o edwedd Morial ;

A gwedy Rhys mae rhyfonial. (/}

^a-) Neu, A chant (cherdd) neb nyd aethant ymbuw (byvr,)i

{h) Neu, Gwyr auchuunt (q. uchnant.)

(c) Neu, Ym buyf Goruynnyaun gwr Eduyn.

{d) Neu, Gwerth gwyla negydd.

(0 Ncu, Rhei gureu gyrthmul bydei guan hedîw

Bydai ban y difgyr hi gyva (L/. Du. gyn na) diva y guyr,
(/) Ncu, Tyuarchen ercal ar er (ar) dyual wyr.

O etwedMoryal a guedy Rys maer y fonal.

ELEGÝ ÒTSP CYÜnaDÝLÁN kw CYîtóRTrra. I^

After the fleek traöable fteeds, and ganîienita of rwìéf hue^,

And die waving yellow plumes,

Slender is my leg, my piercing Iook is gom !

The kine of Edeyrnìon {a) never were sŵrajr,

And nobody took them) awaíy fer boGtyy in the lifei-äiinrilE

GorwynioHy the hero of Uçnant. {b)

The kine of Edeyrnìon never went aíhaíjr,

And nobody took them for booty, ^

In the life-time of Gorwyniony a man. now^ gone fram us^ t'

The reproach is known to the herdftnan,

The price is íhame and refufal ;

On fuch as come into that dífgrace it wHî bcfelé

I knew of what was good,

Blood for blood amongft heróes. {c)

f'or the wife of Gwrthmwl {d) therc was pîerc'mg^ẃith fpeàttf ;
On this day loud would have beea ihe fcreams
Of her, as on the deftruŵion of her men*

The fod of Ercal is on the aílies of fierce

Men, of the progeny of Morìal\ {e)

And after Rhys there is great murmuring of .woc#

(«) A diftrîÄ near "Bala în Meirìcn.

(^) A diftriâ in the upper part of MontgffmeryJÍHje*

(c) This ftanza feems incompìete.

{d) Gv>rtbm7àl ff^edig, a prince of the northcrn Britons^ who, like Llyiuar^y was drîven oUt
of hÌ8 dominions by the Sarons.

(tf) A warrior of this name is often mentioned by Aneurìn j and Meugant gives an aecount of the
expedition of Mortal to Caer L'wydgoed^ or Lineçhỳ froa whençe he brought a bóoty of 1,500
buUoclcs»

f4 MARWNAD CYNDDYLAN AB CYNDRWYẄ;

Heledd hwyedig ym gclwir,
O Dduw ! pady w yth roddir (a)
Meirç vy mro, ac eu tir !

Heledd hwyedig a*ni cyvcirç,

O Dduw ! padyw yth roddir gwrẃm feirç,

Cynddylan ar bedwar-deg-meirç,

Neu'r fyllais olygon ar dirion dir

O orfedd Orwynion —

Hir hwyl hauJj hwy vy nghovionr !

Neu*r fyllais o Ddinlle Yrecon

Freuer wcrydre ;

Hiraeth amdammorth brodyrdde ! (b)

Llâs vy mrodyr ar unwaith,
Cynan, Cynddylan, Cynwraith, (c)
Yn amwyn Tren, trev ddifaith.

Nî fan^î wehelyth ar nyth Cynddylan,
Ni theçai droedvedd fyth,
Ni vagas ei vam vab llyth.

Brodyr ambwyad ni vall,
A dy vynt val gwyail coll : (/)
O un i un edynt oll.

(a) Neu, O Duw padiv yth rodîn

(^) Yma canlyn y dam penniU hwn.
Marçawg o Gaer Adnau
Nid oedd hwyr a gwynion
Gwr Sanneir.

(c) Neu, Cynvreith.

(/) Ncu, A dyuyntval guyall coU.

|:tECY ON CYNDÖYLAN AB CYNDRWYN* ŷ5

Jleledd(a) henceforth íhall I be called,
O my God ! why is it that to thee is given
The fteeds of my country, and their larid ?

Heledd henceforth íhall I be greeted,

O my God ! why is it that to thec is given the^urlcy harnefs

Of Cynddylan on forty horfes ?

Have not my eyes gazed on a pleafant land,

From the confpicuous feat of Gorwynion f (i)

Long is the courfe of the fun, Jonger my remembrances 1

Have not I gazed from the high-placed city of Wrecon [c)

On the. verdant vale of Freuer^

With grief for the deftruâion of niy/ocial frìends I

Slain were my brethren all at once,
Cynany Cynddylan^ and Cynyralth^
In defending Tren^ a town laid wafte !

No tribe dared to intrude on the abode of Cynddylcnty
He would never retrsat the length of a foot ;
His mother nurfed no weakling fon.

Brethren Ì have had, who were free from evil,
Who grew up Iike hazel faplings : — -
One by one they are all departed !

{a) Heledd implies a brîne, or falt pît; and ît is alTo the name of feyeral places \ and there were
Women of this name j one of the daughters of Cyndr'wyn yf^s fo called.

(^) The feat, or Gorfeddf of Goruytìior?, the court of juftice of Gorií^mofi. Thc Brìtons held
their courts on an eminence in the open air j and anciently within a circle of ftones.

(f ) The Üriconmm of the Romans, now ìTro^eter in Shropjhire, Here was lately found an in-<
íbription on the tomb ofan oiHcer of the Legìo ẁcèf. víSfrix, The Caer fFrygion în the catalogucs
of Bi/hop UJber and Dr, T. Wilìiamsy feems to have been the fame j and it is probable that the
Catr Corgorn m the Triades, and th« Caer Cuirìgion QÍ Nennius wer« alfo the fame*

^fif ÌÎARWNAD CYNDDYLÀÍT ÀB CYNDRẂYÌÍi

Brodyr ambwyad a ddug Duw rhagov ;

Vy anfawd ai gorug ;

Ni obrynynt faw er fug ! (a)

Teneu awel, tew ledcyritj

Peraidd y rhyçau, ni pharad a*u goreu ; (b)

Ar a vu nad ydynt ! (c)

As clywo a Duw a dyd,
As clywo ieuanc a hyn ;
Mevyl banrau maddeu hedyn, (d)

Yn myw chcdyn ehediai, (e)
Dillad yn araws gwaed Yai,
Ar glas verau nav nwy^ai.

Rhyveddav dinclair nad yw, (/)
Yn ol eilydd celwydd cly w,
Yn ngwall Twrç tòri cnau cnyw.

Ni vu niwlai mwg, (g)

Ai cedwyr yn cyvamwg ;

Yn ngweirglawdd aer yíTydd ddrwg^

(<j) Ncu, Ny o brynynt fFaw er ffug.

{ò) Neu, Ny pharat ae goreu.

(c) Neu, Ara vu nat ydynt.

(</) Neu, Madeu hed yn.

(e) Neu, Ym byw ehedyn ehedycî.

(/) Neu, Dincleîr nad!v.

{g) Ncu, Ny vu nuil ae mEc.

ÈLÈOY O^ CYHDDYÌAH AB CYNDRWYIT. $7

Bretliren I have had whom Qod hath takeii fiom me ;

My misfortunc wasthccaufe—

They would not purchafe fame through deceit !

Thîn Ì6 the galc, thicfcly fly tales of mifery ;

Sweet are thofe ridges, but thofe that made them do not remain ;

Thofe who have been, woe to me that hpw thcy are not !

When God feparates fiom man,
When the y oung ièparates from the old,
Difgrace of beards (a) forgive to the flyer.

Whilft hc lives the wîngcd animal will fly ;
Garments in waiting for the bloody field, ,
And the blue blades, had tbe vigorous chief.

I wonder that he is not the loweft rambling minftrel^
AfteF being a mufician of palpable lies —
When în want îwr^craclcs the earth-nuts.

What has not been mìft wiU go in fmoke ;
Warriors will repair to give mutual defence ;
In a meadow a flaughter is bad.

(«) Mevyl baryYj ordîfgraceof the beard, was a heînous crîme, but of whatnatarehasnotbeca
esprefsly defined : It feems to imply cuclcoldom. There were three crìmes, for v^ch tfae
JP^ tam hnpowered a huiband to beftow a limited perfonal caftigatlon on hîs wife $ and ooe
^Am wiaw mtyjl mt n wary^ } otyfir wijbtng difgract on bis btará.

H

}8 MAltWKAl> CYMDDYÌAjr A9 CY»l>».WY>f.

í
Endewai^ q weirglawdd aer yfgwyd; (a)
Digyvyng dinas i gedym— (b)
Gorcu gwr Garanmael*

Caranmael cymmwy amad,
Álwcn dy yftle o gàd :
Gnawd màn ar ràn cynhiviad.

Cynniv oedd ognaw llaw hacl, (c)

Mab Cynddylan, clod avacl ;

L yweddwr Cyndrwynin, Cwwaçl l

Caranmael oedd dihaìdd,

Acoedd deholedig trev tâd,

A geifwys Caranmael yn ynad. (dj

Caranmael cymmwyedd ognaw» (<)

Mab Cynddylan clod arllaw»

Nid ynad cymmynad o honaw. f/J

Pan wifgai Garanmael gadbátis Cynddylail

A pheryrddiaw ei âneii, (g)

Ni çafai Franc tanc o*i bcn. (*) .'

(0) Nctt,, £4ettâ< y Tclrglaad aer yfguyt

U, Du. Edeweît i weirgledd H yígwyd.
\b) NeUÿ Digyvynd diJiaB y Gedym.
(r) Neu, Kyniiivoed o gnaf lla^ hacL
(ä) Neu, Oed diheid ac oed diholedic

TreYtatageiflyuya

Karanmael yn gat.
{e) Neuÿ Cymwed ognaw.
(/) Neu, Nyt ynat kyt mynat ohonau.
(^) Neu, A phyryrdyau y onncii.
(i>) Neuy Tranc oe beo.

ÌLEOY 0» eYNDbŸLÀÎÍ AÉ ÒYNDRWYN. ^9

I lîftened from the meadow to the clattering of fliields ;
A city is no reftraint to the mighty ones—
The beft of men was Caranmael.

Caranmaely when thou art on all íldes preft,

Alwen is thy place of reft from battle—

It îs ufual for a toiling warrior to have a mark on his brow.

Torment was the grafp of thc generous hand

Of the fon oiCynddylan^ that keeps faft hold of fame—

The laft man of the line oíCyhdnjuyn is Caranmael!

Caranmael was without claim ;

And the patrímony was fequefteredy

That Caranmael attempted to enjoy by being a judgt.

Caranmael with the affli£ting grafpi

The fon of Cynddylan^ on fame's upper hand^

His ftroke was not that of a judge. {a)

When Caranmael put on the corflet of Cynddylah^

And lifted up and ftiook his aftien fpear,

From Iiis mouth thc Frank (b) would not gèt thc word of peace.

{a) It feems he wts a better warrior than a judge.

{h) How it this paflâge to be cleared up» where he calls the en^y a Fratihf Did the Franht
«nigrate with the Sa»onty in fuch nuinbers, as to caufe thcintroduâion of their namc into this
UJand, as a feparate body of peoplc ì

H Ä

JOO MAHWNAD CWDBYhA^ AB CYNDllWYir»

Ainfer y bum î vra$ vwyd,

Ni ddyrçavwn vy morddwyd

Er gwr à gwynai clav gomwyd. (a)

Brodyr ambwyad innau»

Ni'8 cwynai glevyd comwydau : *

Un Elyan, Cynddylan dau.

Ni roâd wifg briger nyw dirper awr,
O wr yn nirvawr gyvryícdd ;
Nîdoedd levawr vy ínroder. (íj

Onid rhag angau a*i aelau mawr»

A gloes glâs verau9

Ni bydday lcvawr innaut (c)

Maes Maoddyn áeu's cudd rheW)
O ddiva da èi oddew : (d)
Ar vedd Eirinwedd eiry tew !

Tom Elẁyddan neu's gwlyç gwlaw ; (r)

Mae Maoddyn y danaw I

Dyn vai Gynon i'w gwynaw. (/)

Pedwarpwn brodera*m bu»

Ac i bob un penteulu ;

Ni wyr Tren berçen iddi. {gj

(a) Not, Yr gar a gttynea IdtT gonuiyL
(^) Neu, Ny mat utfc brîger nyu dirper «ttr«,

Our yn dirraur gyuryíTed

Nytood leuaur yymbroder;
(r) Neu, Ny bydaf leuawr iiuieu.
{d) Nett>Odtvadayodeu.
(e) Neii, Tom ISluÌtban oeus gulych ghtf^
(/) Neu, Dyn ytí Gynoo y guynau.
(^) Neu, Ny uyr Teeii bercben y du.

ILEOY OV CYN1>DYLAK AB CTNDRWYir. lOt

i 1

The tíme when I fared on rich v!ands,

I lifted not my thigh in contempt

Againft a man comphdning with the pang of íidcnefs.

Brothers alfo have I had,

That wdold not complain if a peftilence even had raged ;

One was Ehan^ Cjnddylan was another.

The hair is difgraceftilly woniy if to cry ont

Should a man be given in the utmoft heat of confliâ ;

Mj brotfaers they were no fnivellers,

But fbr death and its fearful affli£kions,
And the pang of tfae blue blades,
I will not be a fniveller neitfaer.

The field of Maoddyn^ (a) is it not with froft overfprcad,
Sincc the hérds of its cultivator are deftroyed—
On the grave of Eirinwedd^ fee the fnow lies thick !

The barrow <rf Elwyddanf h it not drenchM with rain ?
Thcre is Maoddyn under it !——
A man that Cynon (b) hatfa to mourn.

Four brothers of a fruitful ftock to me have been,
And each was allotted to be the head of a family—
But Trcn knowft to itfelf no owner.

{0) Thc pordon» nòft Hlcdy, oîMeoddyHi tlitbrofiher of CynáJjIémi at U ftamt tht fliare
•f cacb ¥fMcalk<f after its owner. So l>xfry» Miijy'9 and djfryn Trnur^ wcre âie Úum of tho
tmo ààwijûtÊn q£ tynártsyn*

{h) Prohibly Cymm Cêrvty$íf thc íbo of Bryfoad TJj^trArtfuÿ^ prlncc of Vmyu

H3

\

lOa MA11WKAD CYKPBYJuAN A> flYUÇÄWTFH.

Pcdwar pwn broder a'm buaiìt
Ac i bob gorwy V nwyyiant !
Ni wyr Trcn, perçen cyngant !

Pedwar pwn terwyn (a) o addwyn vrodyr
A'm buant o Gyndrwyn :
Nid ocs i Dren berçen mwyn !

Gofgo yngod addoed amad, (i)

Nid wyv bylgaint gyvod ;

Ncu'm gwânt yfgwr o gwr dy vod ? {c)

Gofgo di yngod^ a theç ;

Nid wyd ymadrawdd dibeç : (d)

Nid gwiw clain yth grain y greç^

Amfer i bu^nt add^ẅyn^
I cerid merçed Cyndrwyn,
Heledd, Gwladus^ a Gwenddwyn*

Çwiorydd a'm bu diddan ; (f )
Mi a'u collais oll açlan,
Freucr, Medwyl, a Medlan !

Çwiorydd a*m bu hcvyd,
Mî a*u collais oll i gyd,
Gwledyr, Meifyr, a Ceinvryd I

(*.) Neu, Pcduar pun tenryn.

(ò) Neu, Gofgo yngod adot araat.

(*) Ncu, Neum gunant yfgur o gurr dyvot»

(d) U. Du. Nîd ymadrawdddibech.

(e) Neu, Chwiorydd ambydiddao.

ttEGT OH CYîîDDyLAH AB CYKDltWVK. lOg

ÌFour brothers of a fruitful ftock ia me tíieré ẃere, {

And each of thefe princely heîrs poflrefièd yígour*-^
Sut Tren knows no congenial owner !

Four, of a fruitful (lock, courageofus and contiely btbthert
There were to me, the fons of Cyndrwyrif-^
There is not to Tren the pofleí&on of any comfort I

Fly thee hence, the time of fete is upoií tbee ^^

I do not rife wìth the dawn ;

Shall I not be transfixed by a íbaft ftom the comiiig nm'sl

Fly thee hencc and hide thyfelf ;

Thou art not of a finlefs conver(ationM

It wiU not avail thee tolye along» diy creepmg trUl äs^ a craíh ! (a)

Atthe time they were fair and pleafing,
BeIoved were the daughters of Cyndrwyitÿ
HfUddy GwüiduSf and Gwenddwyn^ .

Siílers I had who made me happy ;
I have loft them all together,—
Freuer^ Medwyly and Medlan !

Sifters to me there were befides,
I have loft them one and all,-^
GwUdyr^ Meìjyry and Ceinvryd!

(ä) This ftanlEi condudcs thc Elegy în the Ufvyr Cof , or tl^ Red Bŷoh pfHergefi^ but othf t
MSS, hav6 the foUowing a^ditiooal íUnsai.

H4

:S04 KA]tWKAl> CYNDDYLAN A8 CYNintWYir»

Llas Cynddylan, llâs Cynwraitht
Yn amwyn Tren, tiw ddifaith—
Gwae vi vawr araws eu Uaitfa 1

Gwelais ar lawr Maet Togwy»
Byddinawr, a gawr gyramwy**^
Cynddyl^ oedd cynnorthwy.

Celaln a fyço dn tân ; (a)
Pan glywyv godwryv godarui,
Lltt Llemenigi náh Mahawen.

Arbènig lleithîg Uurig

Yn nghyboedd aergwyth gwaith-vudd^ (i)

Flam daphart Uaçar Llemenig.

(s) Nctty Cdeln affch o dy tan*

(0 ^€0, YntftjhoM airsgwy tfa gwûth ffM§,

ILEGY ON CYNDÖYLAN AB CYNDRWYN. lOJ

Cynddylan has been ilaln, Cpn/raith has been flain»
In defending Tren^ a town laid wafte —
Greac is my woe, that I farvive their death !

I have feen on th^ grottnd of die field of Togwy
An embattled hoft, with the íhoat of mutual pnfet-—
Cjnddylan was the auxiliary fupport,

A carcafe íhall parch by the fide of the fire,
When I hear the murmer f the thündering din
pf the hoft of Uemimgf {a) the fon of Mahawin^

A foveresgnof a throne» in arms .

In the confpicuous rage of fflaughter, conquering

See the fpreader of die ftame, the Yiolent Umetág.

I
(«) UcflHOÎs wa^ liÌBt lifwarf, «ot Of ẃs diftc linee goeftsi iUcoatentcd mthccoarta^

>

[ io6 3

T R I B A N A U.

CRIN calav a Uîv yn nant ;
Cyvnewid Sais a*i ariant,
Digu enaid mam geu-blant.

Y ddeilen à drevyd gwynt,
Gwae hi a'i thynged (a)
Hên hi — eleni y ganed ! (i)

Cyd bocd vyçan ys cclvydd
Ydd adail adar yn ngorwydd ;
Cy vocd vydd da â dedwydd.

Oer-wlyb mynydd ocr-las iâ ;
Ymddiried i Dduw ni'th dwylla ;
Nid cdry hir-bwyll hir-bla.

Baglawg byddin, bagwy on ;
Hwyaid yn llyn, graenwyn tòn ;
Treç na çant cyftudd calon (c)

Hir nôs gorddyar morva ;
Gnawd tervyfg yn nghymmanva ;
Ni çyvyd diriaidâ da.

{a) Ncu, Gwac hî ae thyghet.

(b) Neu, Hen hi ele'in y ganet.

(c) Neu, Trech na chant cyftyt cajûil.

i J^ 1

PROYERBIAL TRIPLETS.(j)

BRITTLE is the reed, there is flood în the ravînc;
Like the cominerce of a Saxon with his moneyy
Void of love is the foul of a ftep-mother.

The leaf that is hurried by the wind,

Alas ! how periíhaUle its fate—

It ìs old— this year only was it bom !

Though ît be fmall, yet ingenious

Is the dwelling of the bird in the &irt of the wood —

Of equal age will the good and the happy be,

Chill and wet is the mountain, cold and grey îs the îcc ;
Truft to God, and he wili not deceive thee :
Perfevering patienee will not leave thep long affliâed.

Intangling is the fnare, cluftered is the aOi ;

The duclcs in the pond, white breaks thc wave —

Morc powcrful than a hundred isthe affiifUon of the heart.

The long nîght clamorous îs the fea-íbore ;
A tumult is common in a congregatlon —
The naughty cannot bear with the good.

(0) It has been faUI before of fimllar yerfes, that the diíTerent fentunents în each ftansa haTé
no conneâion with one anotber, eicept what roay arife from chance; they afe claíTod merely t»
agsee ẃíúi the netre.

I08 TltXBAKAV,

Hir nôs, gordäyar mynydd^
Goçwiban gwynt uwç blacn gwydd;
Ni thwyll drycanian dcdwydd.

Marçwyail dryíl a mwyar ami» (a)

A mwyalç ar ci nyth,

A çclwyddawg ni theu vytb.

Gwlaw allan gwjyçyd rhcdynf
Gwyn gro mor, goron cwyn ; (i) •
Tccav canwyll pwyll i ddyn.

Gwlaw allan yngan glydwr»
Mclyn cithin, crin cvwr—
Dow Rccn, py beraift Iyvwr !

Gwlaw allan gwlyçyd vy ngwallt,
Cwynvànus gwan, diphwys alltj
Gwclwgan gweilgi, bcli ballt.

Gwlaw allan gwlyçyd eigiawnt
Goçwiban gwynt, uç hlacn cawfi|
Gwcdy pob camp heb 7 dawn.

(«) Neuy -Milrdiiiyeîr dryíB t mujdr (fnwg»)ci]iL
(If) ìitu, Gnjn fpo mor forcft cnyft.

PlLOV£lLBIAL TÌtPLETt. tO^

The long night datnoroos is the moantam ;
Bluftering is the wind over the tops oS trees—
Bl-natttte ẃill not deceive the oontented mind. .

The IuxQriant gro\^ing thom will have berries on it ;
And the thruíh on her neft,
And the liar wiU never be íilent.

Kain without, the íem are drenched»

White the gnivel of the fea, floating is thc ípray—

Realba is ûit íaireft llght for man,

Rain wiüiout, loquacîous is the íhelter,

Yellow is the (urze, rotten is the hedge—

Thott creating Çod^ why didft thou give exifl;ence to « oowatd I

Rain without, my hair is drenched,

FuU of complaint is tbe feeble, fteep is the cliff;

jDarkly<*white i^ the torrent, the fea is falt.

Rain without, let it drench the ocean,
Bluftering is the wtnd over the réeds— ^
Afiier eycty ftat ftill witfaout a genius.

i

l no 1

MARWNAD CADWALLAWN, VAB CADYAN,
BRENIN PRrDAIÌT.

I

CADWALLAWN cyn noi ddyvod,
A'i gorug a'n digonod ; (a) pcdair priv-gad ar ddcg
Am briy-deg Prydain, a thri-ugain cyvarvod.

Llueft Cadwallawn ar Gaint,
Lloegyr ardres ormes arnaint, {b)
Llaw ddillwng cllwng oed vraint. {c)

Lluell Cadwallawn ar Yddon, (^O

Avar anwar ei alon, {e)

Llew Uwyddawg ar Saefon. {f)

Liueft Cadwallawn glodrydd^
Yn ngwarthav Digoll Yynydd,
Seith-mis, a feith-gad bcunydd. *

(0) Neu, Ae goroc sn dWragot.

(b) NeU) Lloegyr ar dres ormes ednaînC '

Neuy Lloegr ardres armes ameînt.
{c) Neu, Oed yreint; neu,Oed urcintj neu, Ocd braînt,
{/) Neu, Arydon ; neu, Ar ydon j neu, Ar y don ; ocu, Ar yd Aatu
(e) Neu, Yn alon.
{f) Nett, Lleu Uuydauc ar Saefon.

Neu, &iew Uwyddawg o^rSaefoa.

í tii 3

ELEGY ON CADWALLON, THE SON OF CADVAN,
KING OF BRTTAIN.{a)

CADWALLON, frnce hc Is come,
He that formed him did amply fatisfy us ; he fought fourteen
Great battles for the moft fair Britain^ and fixty Ík'u:miihe8»

Tlìe army oíCadwallon encamped on Caint^

Of Lioégyr he was the enthraller, he was their oppreflbr^

His hand was open, and honour floWed.

The army ofCadwallon encamped on Tddon,
The fierce affliâion of his foes,
A lion profperous over the Saxons.

TTie army of Cadwallon^ the iUuftrious,
Encamped on the top of the mount o( Digolt^
For feven months, and feyén fljLÌrmiíhes daily.

(tf) Cadwalhu b«came Idng of Nortb ÌFälet in 613, and nomîoally of Srìtain úi 633, and
fingned till about 646. One of Ŵe moft memorable eyents that happened to hlm in the early
part of his life, was his defeat by Edttyn Idng of the Saxoni oíDeira 5 who was brought up with
liim. In confequence of this he was obliged to ily to JrelanJi where he remained íeven years»
according to the follo«dng Triaä,

Tri diwair Deulu Ynys Prydain ; Teulu Cadwallawn mab Cadvan, a ▼uont faìth mlynedd yn
Ywerddon gyd ag ev ; ac yn hỳny o yíbaid, ni ovynafant ddim iawn iddo rhag gorvod amaddynt ei
adaw: A Theulu Gavran mab Aeddan, pan vu y diyancoll» a aethant i*r mor dros eu harglwydds
A'r trydydd Teulu Gwenddolau mab Ceidiaw, yn Arderydd, a gynnaliaiânt y vrwydyr bymtheg-
not a mis wedy lUdd eu harglwydd. S€? oedd riyedi Teuluoedd pob un o*r gwyr hýny un can»
wrarugaint.

i

Ilt MAKWKAD eADWALLAMTH taSKIN FRYDAIH.

Llueft Cadwallawn ar Havren»
Ac o'r tu draw i Ddygen»
A breiaid yn Uofgi Meigehb (a)

Llneft Cadwallawn ar Wy»
Maranedd wedi mordwyy
A ddylynad câd cylçwy. (b)

LlueftCadwalIawn ar Fynnawn Vedwyr,
Rhag milwyr magai dawn ;
Dangc^ai Gynon ynohaeni iawn. (c)

Llueft Cadwallawn ar DâV)
Ys Iluofawg y gwelav
Cyvrenin Yraifg näv. {J)

Llueft Cadwallawn ar Dawy, (c)
Lleiddiad adav yn adwy, (/)
Çlodrydd ceifydydd cyftwy,

Llueft Cadwallawn tra çaer
Caew, byddin a çynnwnr taer (g)
Can cad| a thóri can caer.

{a) Neu, Afrîcîd yn llofgî Meîgem

(^) Neu> A deliiMt kat kyl^tty.

(c) Neu» Haery dawn ; neu> Haeara dttto.

(J) Neu, Cywrennîn vrc Î8 nav.

{e) Neu, Ar Daiwy j neu, Ar Dauy.

(/) Neu> Lleiddiad addaf yn adwy.

{g) Ncu» (Caeu) Byddin i cbynowr caer (taer.)

ELEGY ON CADWALLON ICING OF BRITAIN» î^j

Thc army oF Cadwallon encamped on Hayren^ '
And on the farther fide of Dygen^ (a)
And the devourers were burning Meìgen,

The army of Caáwallon encamped on the fVy^ {b)
The common men, after paffing the water,
FoUowing to the battle of.íhiclds.

Thc army of Cadwallon encamped by the well of Bedwyr ; (r)

With foldiers virtue is cheriíhed ;

There Cynon íhewed how to affert the right.

The army of CadwaUon encamped on the Tii^, {d)

Very numcrous may I fee

The íharers in the famc of the potent chief.

The army of Cadwallon encampcd on Tawy ; (^)
He had the hand of flaughter in the breach ; ,
Spreading was his fame, eagcrly hc fought thc confli£l.

Thc army of Cadwallon cncampcd tov^rds thc city
Oí Caewy(f) a hofl: that was ftubbom in thc tumult,
Of a hundred battles, and the falling of a hundred caftles.

(tf ) Probably this is Dygtn Vrèíâdtn^ near Welfb PooL

{}) Thc rivcr ìFye.

(c) In the npper part of Gwaun Llwgt Monmoutlfinre,

{d) The riyer that gWes name to Caerdiff, Nearly oppofîte lÀandaffy on tfae other fide of the
TTwy there are the ru'ins of a Brìtijb camp m a phice called Gwauny Trodau* The tra^itioa 6
Ihe neighbourhood is, that the Saxons fuffered a great defeat thcrc.

(«) The rÌYcr on which the town of Swanfea ftands.

(/) Therc is a place cálled Cafo în Caermartbenjbire»

i

Jî4 MÀILWltAO éAbWALtAWH ttWlH PHyDAIir.

Lhieft Cadwallawn ar Gowyn ; (a)
Llaw lluddedig ar awyn ; (*)
Gwyr Lloegyr Uuofawg cu cwyn.

Llucft Cadwallawn hcno,
Trathir yn nhymmyr Penvro ; (r)
Am nawdd vawr anhawdd i fo.

• Lloeft Gadwallawn ar Deivî,
Cymmyfgai waed â heli ; (d)
Angerdd Gwyncdd gwynygai. (â)

Llueft Cadwallawn ar Dyfyrdd Ayon, (/>
Gwnaeth eryron yn Uawn ; (j-)
Gwcdy trin dywyncu dawn. (h)

Llueft Gadwallawn ry mrawd,
Yn ngwerthevin Bro Dunawd,
Ei vâr anwar yn fofawd. (/>

Llueft Cadwallawn ar Veinin, (f}
Llew Uuofawg ei werin,
Twrwv mawr traças i orddin. (^

{a) Ncu, Ar gowyn (gyuyli.)
{h) Ncu, Llau lludedic ar auyr (arawyn.)
(f) Neu, Trathiryn tymyn(tyniyr)PtnTm.
(</) Neu, Cymmyfgi uaet a heli.
{e) Neu, Angerdd Owyncdd Owy ny geí (guymgel)
(/) Ncu,ArI>yfyrdd(dyfyrd)AvOTv
{^) Ncu, Gwnaeth erfion yn Uawn.
{b) Ncu, Guedi trin dyoSneu (dyfinet») dMMb
(i ) Neu, Y var anuar yn fibiTaut.
(i) Neu, Ar Feirtn (veirin.)
(/) Neu, Twrwf mawr tra chu f orddin»
Neu> Tujuf aaaur trochas jlnt^ìa»

JEÌEOY OH PÄDẂAliLûẀ klNG OF BRlTAIsr, IJ^

The ârmy ofCadwall^n eneâmpcd on the Cewyn ; [a)

^There the hand was weary on the tein \

*rhe men of Llwgyr abounded with complainta di woe.

The encampment of Cadẃalhn îs ihis night
* ln theettremity of the watcry region óf Peiruro, [b)
For refuge to retreat where the diflSculty was great.

The encampmeht of CadwaHoH on the Tehìy {c)
The blood mixed with the briny wave ;
There the fury ofGwymdd^d) violently raged.

The army of Cadu>aìloH encamjfied on the Dyfyrdd Jtẅet^ (e)

He made the eagles full ;

After the conflidl virtue was difgraced.

The encampmeht of CadwalloHi my bròther,
In the uppcr part of the country of Dunod^ (f)
His wrath was violent in wielding the blade^

The army of CadiJüalloH encamped on Mèininy {g)

The lion with the numerous hoftj

Great the tumult bringing affliâion on the botder^

{a) A nvef diyidiûg fhe Soiinâes oí^ Pèmhrohe anci Caermartben^ -
{b) Hh!ti^rtíttítPmbrokepnre\ thatis,thciiÄ«i*í£«/i
{c) The Tèwi falls into the Ìea at the town oiCardìgam
(</) Nortb Walesy txt\víÇíyt of Powyt,

{e) Probably a miAake for the DytítíÊaiièr, betweén thé countíes ol^ Carëdigìon ánd MéirtonydJ»
(/) Bro Dunawdf or Cantrev Dunodig, a diftriâ comprehending the fea-coaft of Meirion, and
^rt of Caernanuonjbirei

(jr) Ptrhaps wh«r« the abbey çíMaenen ftood> Dcar JJanrvfii

Il6 MAHWNAD CADWALLAWN BRENIN PRYDAlir.

O gyiTul cftrawn, ac anghyviawn ycnaiçí

Dillydd dwvyr o fynnawn:

Trig trym-ddydd am Gadwallawn ! (a)

Gwifgwys cocd cain duddcd hâv ;
Dybryfid gwyth wrth dynged — (6)
Cyvarwyddom ni am £lved. (r)

(tf ) Ncu, Trî (tryc) thrymddydd am Gadwalíawit^
{b) Neju, Dy foryffit guych wrth dyghet.

Ncu, Dybrys o fyfid gwyth wrth dyngeih
(«} N«u, Cyfarfyddom iti a Melfêé.

£L£GY ON CADWALLON KING OF BRITAIS. H^

From tbe plottìng of flrangers, and unjufl: monlcs,

As the water flows from the fountain —

Sorrowful wiU be our lingering day for Cadwallon / {a)

Thc trees have put on the gay covering of fummer ;
Let the wrath of flaughter haften quickly, led by fatc,
Let us be guided pnward to the plain of Elved!

(0) When Ctuhfallon reti^med from Inlandy to retrieye his honottr^ he dîreâed h!s forcet •
lecond tìme agaîhft Edwyriy whom he flew 9t a plaoe called Mngen. In this battle the men of
Fwajt greaüy fignalìsed themfelves ; and in retum CaäioaUon granted them fourteei) peculiar pfi«
Yilegety which are enymerated hy Ẁe cclebrated Cynddelw^ in apçem Wfittcn ia 11609 whidi
foncliides thus :

Gwyr Powys pobyl difgyweny
Câd orlbwes orIla>f en :
Pedair cynneddyv> cadw cadyr urdde%
Ar ddeg erddygant o Veigcn.
The Po'wyfians, a renowned people,
ÌJixf exult of their prowefs in the confliâ s
Four famed prìvileges» honourably confirmed,
Aod teo )>elide8 they a€<|uired from Màgtn^

13

í u9 3

CANU LLYWARÇ HEN,
PW HENJINr A'I FEIRION.

CYN butn cain yaglawg, bum Cyfes eiriawgs{<t)
Ceinyygir ni eres —
Gwyr Argoed eirioed a'm porthes I

Cyn bum cain vaglawg bum hyi
A'm cynnwyfid yn nghyvyrdy
Powys, paradwys Cynmry.

Cyn bum cain yaglawg bum eiriari,

Oedd cynwayw vy mhar, {b)

Oedd cynnwyv cevyn-grwm ; wyv trwmi wyv tru3in !

Baglan bren, neud cynhauav, {c)
Rhudd rbedyn, melyn calav?—
Neu'r digerais a garav !

Baglan bren, neud gauav hỳn,
Yd vydd llavar gwyr ar lỳn {d)
Neud diannerç vy erçwyn \ {e)

Baglan bren, neud gwanwyn
Rhydd côgau, goleu cwyn ? (/)
Wy V digariad gai> vorwyn !

\d) Ncu, Bun (bwn)"cyfFe8 eiryauc.

(^) Neu, Ocd kymueu vym par.

(f ) Neu, Neut kyn trayaf.

(i) Neu, Ytuyd (ydwyt) llavar guyr arlya.

(r) Ncu, Ncut diannerch vy euryn.

(/) Neu, Rud cogeu goleu edym

C "9 ]
^ ELEGY OF LLYWARÇ HEN,

ON OLD AGE, JND THE LOSS OF HIS SOJTS.

BEFORE I appeared with crutches, I was eloquentin my complaint,
It will be extolled, what is not wonderful— ^
The men of Argoed [a) have ever fupported mc !

Before I appeared with crutches 1 wa$ bold,
J was admitted into the eongrefs houfe
Oí Powysy the paradife of the Cynmry. (í)

Before I appeared on crutches I have been eomely,

The foremoft of the fpears was my lance,

My round back W4S firft in vigour— I am heavy ; I am wretched I

My wooden croolc, is it not the time of hanreft,
When the fern is brown, the reeds are yellow ?-<►
Have I Qot once diililced what now I love I

My wooden croolc, is not this winter,
When men are noify over the beverage ?
Is not my bedfide void of greeting vifits !

My wooden crook, is it not the fpring,

When the cuckoos are at liberty, wben the foam 13 bright ì

I am deftitute of a maiden's lpve !

{a) Arped impUes o», or ahvut tht woodt It has been before obferYcd that this feemi to hart
been tfae name of the patrimoiiy of JUyutarff bordering on the foreft of Celyddon, It is more pro«
bable to fuppofe that the Bard alludes to thatcountry, than that Argo^d fliould be conûderfd hcrt
as an epithet for "Boiwyi \ as |he name doei not apply to tht deicription of the latttr,

(^) The Welfi.

I4

120 CANÜ LLYWAUÇ HEN îV HENAINT.

Baglan bren, neud cynteyin,
Ncud rhudd rhyç, neud cryç egia ?
Edlid ym edryç yth ylvin ! {a)

Baghn brcn, gangen voddawg
Cynnelyç hcn hiracthawg : (ò)
Lly warç leverydd nodawg ! (c)

Baglan bren, gangen galed,
A'm cynnwyíl : Duw difred ! (^)
Elwir pren cywir cynnircd.

Baglan bren, bydd yftywell,

A'm cynnelyç a vo gwell :

Ncud wyv Llywarç lawer pell ? (^ )

(s) U. Co^- Etryt ym edrych yth lînin.
Neu, Edryd i*m edrych itfa ylíin.
U. Du. Edlid yn edryd ith ylfin.

(b) Neu, Cynhellych hen hiraethauc.

(c) Neu, LIeveryd Yodauc

(//) Neu, Am cynhellych Duw dlírred.
(«) U.Cof. Neut uyt Lyuarch lawer gwelL

Neu, Neutuyd hyttrach lawer pell.

U»Du. Neud wyt Lly warch Ilawer peU.

ELEGY OF LLYWARÇ HEN ON OLD ACE, ÍLC^ lat

My wooden croolc, is it not tlic beginning of fummer, (a)

Are not the furrows brown, doth not the young corn begin to ruffle.— •

My paffions rife when I look at thy beak !

My wooden crook, be thou a contented brandi
To fupport a mourning old man — »
Llywarç accuftomed much to talk !

My wooden crook, thou hardy branch,

Bear with me — God grant !

Thou íhalt be called a wood whofe wanderings arejuft.

My wooden crook, be thou fteady,

So that thou mayeft fupport me the better —

Am not I Llywar§y much more compa£b ?

{a) Cynteŵfi^ or the íìrft appearance of fummer, is May-Day ; and în that fenfe It )8 ufed In the,
Welíh Laws. At that tîme the vegetatlon expandmg luxurìantly the profpeét of the hanreft
feafon, there ufed to be in old times many ceremonies of rejoicing on the occaíìon ; but the prin-
cipal one was the bonefire. The firfl; day ofNwember was confidered as the concluíion of the
íummer ; and this was celebrated in the fame manner with bonefíres, accompanied with ceremoniei
ítiitable to the event ; and fome parts of fFaUs ftill retain thefe cuftoms. Ireland retains fîmilar
«nes ; and the fire that is made at thefe feafons, is called Beal Taine in the Irijb language 5 and fome
antiquaries of that country, in eftabliíhing the eras of the di^rentcolonies that planted the iíland>
liavebeenhappy enoughtoadduce as anargument fortheirPi&armV/tffforJgin tliìs itrmoí BealTaìne,

Baalynsthe great deity of the Pbtencians \ and he was one> by all accounts, that exceedingly
ddighted in feeing his votaries confign themfelves with fortitude to fiery ordeals peculiar to hii
own tafte. Now accordmg to the authorities of the before mentioned antiquaries, there are variou8
cuftoms in their country thatprefenre thememory of Baah^ and evenhi8 very name joined to Tainef
orfire, his own clement, în tlie term Beal Taine ; or, (according to their authority) the FireofBaalm

If the above elucidation of Beal Taìne had not been fo clear, the ^eljh words Bal Dan, and Tán
Baly would probably have been of fome weight: Thc meaning of Tân^ Iikc the Irip Taine, \zfiref
and Bâl is fimply a projeâing, fpringmg out, or expandmg ; and when applied to vegetation, it
sneans a budding or íhooting out Ieaves and bloÌToms, the fame as Balantf of which it is the root ;
and it Ì8 alfo the root ofBala ; and ofBlttydäf Bl'uydJyn, and Blynedd, a year, or the circle of ve-
getatíon. So the fignificatíon of Sal Dân^ or Tân Bâly would be^ tbe rejûiàngfiré for tbe wgetam
tmf OTfer tbe erop '^ tteyear.

i

tt% . CANU LLYWAHÇ HEN lV HENAIWT.

Yn cymmwedd y mae hcnaint â cil»

O'm gwallt i'm daint,

AV cloyn à gerynt yr icuainl. (a)

Dyrgweny gwynt, (b) gwyn gne godre gwýdd,
Dewr hydd, diwlydd bre ; (c)
Eiddil hên, hwyr yd rc. (ä)

Y ddeilen hon neu's cynnired gwynt ?
Gwae hi o'i thynged —
Hi hên — eleni y ganed !

A gerais er yn wâs ys fy gâs gènyv,
Merç eftrawn, a març glâs :
Neud nad mi eu cyvaddas ! (e)

Vy mhedwar priv-gâs erymoed, (/)
Ymgyvarvyddynt yn unoed, (g)
Pâsi a henaint, haint, a hoed^

\a) Lí. jíruIL Y mae henaînt yn eymued a mi
Om guallt ym danned
Ar cloyn a gerynt y gwnigedd.
X/. Du. Ar cloyn a gerynt yr ieuainc.
L/. Cof. Arcloyna gar yr ieuabt (ieueinc)
{h) Ncu, Dyr guenn (dyr gweny) guynt
{e) Neu, Deurhyd diulyd bre (Devrrhyd ddiwlyddbr«)
(d) Neu, Huyr ydyre (hwys y dyre)
(f) U. Du. Ysy (yfydd)gennyf yngâs
A gercis er yn was.
Neu, Deubeth a gereis er yn wat
Merch i eílron a acìarch glas
A heddyw nid ynt gyfaddat.
(/) Ll. Du. Fy (ym) pedwar prifgas erio
{g) Neu, Yn gyvarvydynt ynimoct.
Ncu, Pan gyfarfyddynt unoed.

^eLEGY OF I.LYWARÇ UEN ON OI#D AOE, &C. XtJ

Surely old age ìs fportíng with mcy

From my hair to my teeth,

And that glancing loolc, once fo loved by {sir young ones i

The wind grinningly blufters oút, white is thc íkirt of the wood,
Lively is the ftag, there is no moifture on the bill ;
Fçeble is the aged, flowly doth he moye,

This leaf, is it not blown about by the wind?

Woe to it of it;? fate !

Jt is old— iu this year only was it born l

What I Ioved when I was a youth are hateful to mc now ;
The ftranger's daughter, and tlic grcy ftecd :
Am not I fbr them unmeet ?

The four moft hateful things to ític through lifc^
They have met together with oilc accordj
'^The cougb, old age, fiduiefs, and gîie£

f«4 eAKÜ LLYWARÇ H«N l'w HENAINT.

Wyv hên, wyv unig, wyv anelwlg ocr,
Gwcdy gwcly ccinvyg ;
Wyv truan, wyv tridyblyg !

Wyv tridyblyghén, wyv anwadal dnid,

Wyv chud, wy v anwar :

Y fawl a'm carocdd ni'm câr !

Ni*m câr rhiancdd, ni'm cynnircd ncb,

Ni allav ddarymrcd —

Wi I o angau, na'm dygred !

Ni*m dygrcd na hun, na hoen ;
Gwedy y llcas Llawr a Gwcn, (a)
Wyv anwar abar, wyv hên !

Truan o dyngcd a dyngwyd (b)
I Ly warç, ar y /los y ganed : (c)
Hir gniv heb efgor liudded !

Na wifg wedy cwyn ; na vid vrwyn dy vryd t
Llem awel, a çwerw gwanwyn — (d)
Na'm cyhudd vy mam (^)— mab yt wyv!

{a) Neu, Guedy Ueas (gwedy y llas ] Llawr a Gwen.
{h) Neu, Truano dyngwy a ddygeydd.

U. Du, Truan odynged a ddygwydd i Llywardi^
(e) Neu, I Lly warch er y nos y ganed.
(</) Neu, Llem awel a cherw gwenebyn.
(e) Neu, Amgyhyd («m gyhydd ) fy i

£t£OY or tLYWARÇ HEN ÒN OLB AGE, lcc. IJ5

I 2tn olcl, T am alone, I am decrepìd and cold^
After the fumptuous bed of honour ;
I am wrctchcd, I am triply bent !

I am triply bent and old, I am fickly bold,

I am ráíh, I am outragcous :

Thoiè that loved me once, now ]ove me not I

Young vîrgins love mc not, I am rcforted to by nonc,

I cannot move myfelf along —

Ah ! dcath, why wiU he not befricnd me i

I am bcfricndcd by ncither flccp, nor gladnefs;
Sincc the flaughtcr oíLlawr and Gwên^ (0)
I am outrageous and loathfomc, I am old !

Wretchcd the fatc that was fated

For LlywarÇy on the night hc was born :

Long pains, without bcing delivered cf his load of trouble I {b)

Array not thyfelf after thy wailing ; let not thy mind be vexcd X
Sharp îs the gale, and bleak is the fpring ! —
Accufe me not, my mother — I am thy fon !

(ä) Twofonsaf Z»/)wtfr£.
. (b) There is aftansa in the latter part o£ this Elegy that yarîes but a very llttle from thîs |.
hA ptrhaps «oc was bronght in by mlilalce, at f«me period or othcr, frem mcjnory»

ta6 CANU LtYWAHÇ HSK lV It£kAIKté

Neud adwen ar vy ngwên, (a)

Tn hanyod cnn açen» {ò)

Tri gwyddorig eiwig awen ? (c)

Llym vy mhâr, llaçar yn ngryd ; (J)
Armaay i wyliaw rhyd: (e)
Cynnydd anghwyy Duw gennyd! (f)

O dîengyd a*th wylwyy, (g)
0*th ryleddir a*th gwynwyy :
Na çoll wyneb gwyr argnwyy. (b)

Ni çollay dy wyneb, trîn wofeber, (/)
Pan wifg glew yr yftre ; (k)
^ Porthaygniy, cyn muday llc. (l)

Rhedegawg tón ar hyd traeth ;
Eçaday torid aryaeth câd acdo, (m)
Gnawd ío ar fraeth.

(a) Neu> Neut atuen ar uy auen.
{h) Neuy Ynghanfiod cun a chen.

(c) Neu, Tri gwydd orig elwig awen (wen)
U. Du. Trigwyddorig elwid wen (awen)

(d) Neu, Llachar y gryd.

(*) Ncu, Aniaf (armaif) î uylaw (wylyaw) ryC

{/) LU Cof, Rhydd cynnydd anghyf Duw gennyd.
Neu, Kynnydd cyn nid anghwyf Duw genny t
Neu, Ynnyt anghyf 5 neu, cyn ni ddiangwyf.
Neu, Cyn nid anghwyf ŷ neu, Cynni ddiangwyf*
LL Du, Cynnydd anghyf Duu genhyd.

(g) Neu, O diegyd ath ueluyf.

{b ) Neu, Gwyr argnif 5 neu, gwyr ar gnîf.

( i ) Llk Dui. Ni chollafdy trin wofeb er (wr)

^à) Neu, Penwifg glcw yr yítre.

(/) Neu, Porthaf gniflcyn mudef (mydif) lle (le)

(m) Neu, Echadef torrít anraeth. (lut ac ado) cad (acddo. ]

feLEGY Or LLYẄA^ÍIÇ HEN OH OLD AGB, &C. laf

Do I not recognize by my fmilc,
My defcent, fway and kindred ;
Thrcc thcmes of the harmonious mufe í

Sharp îs my fpear, furious in thc onŵt ; (a)
I wiU prepare to watch on the ford:
Support againft faliing may God grant Át ì

If thou fliouldeft run away I íhall be to wecp f<M- theci
If thou íhouldeft be flain I íhali mourn thcc :
Lofc not the countenancc of thc mcn of conäiâ.

I will not lofe thy countenance, pronc to warfarCf

From thc time that the hero puts on the harnefs of his ftccd ŷ

I wiU bear the pang erc I quit the fpot.

Gliding is the wave aloog the beach ;

I perceÌYC that thc defign of that battie will be frufirated ;

It is ufual for the loquacious to run away.

(a) It was a maxim w'ith the bards to admît noâán% but tnith Into thsîr compoíìdons, wh!c|
my be aa excufe for what he fays of hlmfelf : He is imttated by many*— ^ỳwo/f woi is one i
Ll»^ Ty ngkleddyv, ìhiç ydd ardwy gkw>
Llewy^edìg aur ar vy nghylçwy :
Cyvun weftlawg dyvyr dydd neud gavwy
Cathyl o ar adar, awdyl oflymwy. ^

Crorvyûig vy mhwyll yn mheil amgaBt
fleddywwrth athreiddiaw tir tu £vymwy»
Gorwyn blaen afvall biodau vagwy,
^lf Cf^n coed, bryd pawb parth yd garwf.
Yehement is my fword, like the lightmng's gÌaMe t» proteft the bnvvei
Brîghtly glitlers the gold on my round íhield : *

The day I am foothed, wh«n the murmuring waters harmonise
With a hymn from the birds, ftored with fweet mufic*

My paffions inílamed vnthlonging, wander far
Thi» day, whilft roving through the vale to the banks o£Svyntwý :
Brightly glare the branches of the apple-trees duftercd with bloffomi J
TJu woods difplay tbeir proiid robes $ «U look pleafed towardsthofethey lovc^

ia8 CANU LLYWÀRÇ HEN lV HENAINT*

Yfid ym a levarwyv,

Briwaw pelydyr parth y bwyv ; (a)

Ni levarav na fowy v. (i)

Meddal mignedd> caled rhiw, (c)
Rhag cam cawn tàl glan a vriw ; (d)
Eddewid ni wneler nid gwiw. (e)

Gwasgarawd naînt am glawdd cacr, (/)
A minnau a rinaäv (g)
Yfgwyd bryd briw cyn teçar»

Y com a^th roddes di Urîen,
A'r arweft aur am ei èn,
Cwyth ynddo o'th daw angen.

Er crgryd angau rhag angwyr Llocgyr, (*)
Ni lygrav vy mawredd,
^Ni ddyçanav rianedd ! (i)

(ä) Ncu, Brîaìi pelydrparthy bwyfl

(^) Neuy Nylaíarafnaphowyf.

(c) Neuy Medal mi ened (miged) cálet rhîẁ*

(</) Neu>RaccamcauntalglanaYrìw*

(0 Neu, Edewit ny ^weether (ny wnel) nytìw (nid yẃ)

Neu, Eddewîd ny wellaer nyd iw.
(/) Neu, Guas karaut (gwafgarawft) nelnt am glawd cair;
{g) NeuiAminneuarmaifysgwyd (yfguyt)
(i) U.Cof. YrergrytaghenracaghywyrUoegr*

Neu, Eregrytangen ihaganghenwyr (anbcfc/r) Lloegi^
(i) NtU|Niddyhiwyrrî«icdd

ÉLEGY OF ILYWARÇ HEN ON OLD AOE, &Ci It^

What there is conccrning me I fpeak of ;

There is the brealcing of fpears about the place where I am ;

I wiU not fay^but that I may retreat.

Soft is the bog, the cliíF is hard,

With the hoof we íhall have the edge of the bank broken ; /

A promife not fulíìllcd is none at all.

As the ftream diyides round the caftlé-wall,

I alfo will prognofticate

A Ihield with a fraftured front, cre I run away.

The horn given to thee by í/ẃä, (a)
With the wreathe of gold round its rim,
B1qw in it if thou aìrt in danger. (b)

For the terrour of death from the bafc men of Lloegyr^

I wili not defile my honour,

I will not lampoon the'young virgins.

(a) Prînce ofReged, and the coufin-germän of Lîyv)arp

{h) The hora was efteemed one of the moft precious articles poiTeíred by a warrîor; it ferred to
glve the íignal for war, and to circulate the chearful mead :
Dywallaw di*r Com argynvelyn 5
Anrhydeddus veddw vedd gorewyn— *
Hirlas buelin, braint u^el hen ariant,
Ai gortho nid gorthenau :
- A dyddwg i Dudur, eryr aerau,
Gwirawd gyllèvîn o^r gvân gwìnau.
Poiir out the hom with the gUttering yellow top,
Honourably drunlc with frothy fparkling mead«—
The Hirlas of the BuíFalo, highly enrìcfaed with ancient filyçr,
And its coiçpr, all pleaiìng to tbe lip :
And bear to Tudur, eagle of confiiâs,
Some chçice beyengc of tfae dceply-bluihlng vâne.

ihifam, Cfoẅnoif Prme of P9vy$

130 CANÜ LLYWARÇ HEN lV HENAINt*

Tra vum i yn oed^y gwâs draw,
A w ifg, o aur ei ottoyw, (a)
Byddai re y rhuthrwn y way w.

Diheu diwair dy waes, (b)
Ti yn Vyw a'th dyll rhylâs :
Ni bu eiddil hen yn wäs.

Gwên wrth Lawen ydd wylwys neithwyr, (c)

Arthur ni theças : (d)

Aer a drawdd ar glawdd gorlas, (e)

Gwên wrth, Lawen ydd wylwys neithwyr,
A'r yfgwyd ar ei yfgwydd ; f/J
A çan bu mab ym bu hywydd.

Gwên wrth Láwen ydd wyliis (g)
Neithwyr, a'r yfgwydar ygnis; (h)
Can bu mab i mi ni ddiengis. (/')

Gwên.gygydd, goçawr vy mryd, (k)
j y lâs ys mawr cafnar:
Neud câr a'th levawr ! (/)

(a) Ncu, A wifc o eiir y ottcwí ^

(^) Neu, Diheu diweir dy was (waes) dl yn fyw*

LL Du. Diau dy wìr dy was.
ic) Neu, Gwen, wrth lawen yd wetes.

(d) Neu, A thuc ny techas (thechas)

(e) Neu, Aer (oer> adraud (a drawd) ar glawd (arglawdd) Gorlat.
(/) Neu, Ar yfguyt ar y yfguyd,

LL Du, Aryfg ar ygnis (yfgwydd)
{g) Neu, Gwen wrth lawen yd wylwyi,
{b) Neu, Ar yfgwyd ar y gwys.

(/') Neu, A chan bu mab ìm (imi) ny ddirngya (ddiciigeia).
(k) Ncu, Gẃen gygyd (gwgydd) gochawn (g^chawch) yy mryt
(/) Neu, Nyt car ath layawr (Ui4dawr'^

ÊtÌEGÝ OF LLŸWÀRÇ HEN ON OLD ACE, &C* I3I

Whilft I was of the age of yonder youth^

That wears the golden fpurs,

It was with velfx:ity I puílied the fpear. ,

Truly, thy young man is faithful,

Thou art alive, and thy witnefs is flaîn , ■

The old man that is now feeble was not fo in his youthé

Gwên, by the Llawen^ (a) watched laft night—

Arthur did not retreat —

He darted through the flaughter on the green embankment.

Gwény by the Llawen, watched laft night, (b)

With the íhield on his ílìoulder ;

And as he was my fon, he íhewed himfelf bold,

Gwêny by the Llawen did he watch
Laft night, with the íhield uplifted;
As he was mỳ fon he did not retreat.

Gwên with the lowring loolc, irrcfolute îs my mind,
Thy death greatly provokes my wrath —
Will not thy kindred mourn thee !

(tf) A river, uncertain where ; but perhaps the Lune^ on whlch ftands the prefent towa of
Lancafter,

{b) A fimilar defcription, by a bard of the twelfth icentury, has fo much beauty as to need ii#
apology for infertíng it l^rc —

Gorwylials nôs yn a^w fìn
Gòrloes rydau dwvyr Dygen Yreiddin |
Gorlas gwcUt didryv ; dwvyr, neud iefiiìi
Gwylain yn gwarc ar wely lliant,
Lleithrion eu pluawr, pleidiau eddrin.
I watched through the night with care, to guard the bounds,
Where th« pcllucid waters plaintively murmur in the fords of BreìdJm ;
The grafs untrodden wears now a brighter green ; how fair the ftream» >

And fea-mews playful on their vvavy beds,
With poliihed plumage, gliding at dieir eafe m love-united groupes. *:

GWALÇMAI AB MtlLIft* ^

Ka

Ijrÿ CANÜ LLYWARÇ HEN lV HENAlNT#

Gwên, Yorddwyd tyllvra, (a) a wylias meithwyr
Yn ngoror rhyd Vorlas ;
A çan bu mab ym ni theças.

Gwên; gwyddwn dy eiffiUyd, (b)
Rhythr eryr yn ebyr oeddyd —
Betwn ddedwydddiangyd ! (c)

Tón tyrvid, toid ervid, (d)
Pan ânt cynrain yn ngovid ; (e)
Gwên, gwae ry hên o'th edlid!

Ton tynrid, toîd açes, (/}
Pan ânt cyvrain yn ngnes : (g)
Gwên, gwae ry hên ryth-goUes 1

Oedd gwr vy mab, oedd ddyfgywen hawl ; {h) -

Ac oedd nai i Urien ;

Ar ryd Vorlas y llâs Gwcn !

Prenialdywal gâlyfgwn, (/)
Gorug ar Loegyr lu cyngrwn r (k)
Bedd Gwên vab Lly warç Hên hwn ! (l)

(a) Neu, GwcnvordwyttyllŸras.

(*) Neu, Gwenguydun (gwydn)dyeîffillut (eiíBlIydíL)

(c) Neu, Belun(Pi tawn)dedwyddianghut.

(</) Neu, TontyrHdcoederfid.

(f ) Neu, Pan aut (nawd) cyvrein ygovid (y gofid, neu, yn ù&Sj»

(/) Neu, Ton tyrfid caed aches.

{£) Neu, Pan aut (nawd) kyvrîh ygnes (y gnes.) •

(b) Neu, Oed gwr vy mab oedifgwen haul (oedA u gWOI hauL)
(i) Neu, Prennyal dywal gal yfcyn.

{k) Neu, Goruc ar Loegrla (llu) Kyndrwya.
(/)Nçu, Vwhwm

ÊLEGY OP LLYWARÇ HEN ON OLD AGE, &C. t JJ

Gwêfij with the brawny thîgh, did watch laft night
*On the border crfthe ford of Morlas ; {a)
And as he was my fon he did not retreat.

Gwény I knew well thy inherent difpofition,

In the aflàult like the eagle at the fall of rivers thou wert — (b)

If I were fortunate thou wouldeft have efcaped !

Let the face of the ground be turned up, let the aíTailants be covered,

When chiefs repair to the toil of war :

CrwAí, woe to him that is over old, for thee hc is indignant !

Let the face of the ground be turned up, and the plain be covered,

When the oppofmg fpears are lifted up—

Gwén^ woe to him tliat is cver old, that he Ihould have loft thee I

My fon was a man, /plendid was his fame ;

And he was the nephew of Urien :

On the ford of Morlas^ Gwên was flain !

The ftirine of the fierce overbearing foe,

That vanquifl)ed the circularly-compaíl army of Lloegyr :

The grave of Gwén the fon of old Llywarç is this !

(a) There are feveral rîvers of thîs name. One rifes în Denhyjhìrey and falls înto the CeiriáwgTit^s
Cbirh Caftle : But the Morìas mentioned here, moft lilcely, was a river in, or co tiguous ':o Lly
ivarfs own princîpality, weft of the foreft ofCeîyddon, fomewhere in the ricighoo ir'iood of Lan^
çafitr. The name may poflìbly ftill remain there ; for the anclent Britjh names oí rivers are fur-
priûngly retained in thofe parts, where the languagc has been loft for many agcs; itideed moft of
the rivers of Cumberlandf and adjacent parts, have kept the old nanies.

(í) Allufîons to the ftrength, and fiercenefs of the eaglcj are very common in the works of
thc ancîents. They ge ^craliy reprefent him ftatio ^ed at tbc mou':hs of rivers, or inlets, watching
lus prey ; hence it mi^ft be undcfftood| that they mein njoft conimo:ily thút iort called the o^^rey»
^ ièa eagle^

K3

134 CANÜ LLYWARÇ HEN I V HENAlNTt

Teg yd gân yr aderyn ar berwydd bren,
Uç ben Gwên ; cyn ei olo dan dywarç ;
Briwai galç Llywarç Hên !

Pedwar-meib arugaint a'm bu,
Eurdorçawg, tywyfawg 11 u ;
Oedd Gwên goreu o oaddu !

Pedwar-meib arugaint a'm bwyad,
Eurdorçawg, tywyfawg câd :
Oedd Gwcn goreu mab o'i dâd !

Pedwar-meib arugaint Vm buŷn (a)
Eurdorçawg tywyfawg unbyn ;
Wrth Wên gweifionain oeddyn'. (b)

Pedwar-meib arugaint yn nghenvaint Lly warç, (r)

O wyr glew galwythaint,

Rhuli eu dyvod, clod tramaint. (d) wm^

Pedwar-meib arugaint o veithiaint vy nghnawd, [e)
Drvry vy nhavawd Ueddyfaint ; (/)
Da dyvod vy nghod coUedaint. {g)

(4) Neu, Pedwarmab ar hugaînt am bwyn.
{b) Neu, Y wrtíi Wen gueiflTyon cinoedyn.
(c) Neu, Yn cemieint Lly warch.
{d) Neu, TwU eu dyvot clot trameint.

LL Du. Tulleu dyfod clod tra meint
(0 Neu, Ayeithyantj neu, aweithleynt (JL/. Du. Ancltheînt)
(/) Neu, Lledoífeint ; ncu, lleddefleint
Çg) Dadyvotuygeotcolledeint(coUeddemt)

ELEGY OF LLYWARÇ HEN ON OLD AGE, &C. IJf

Sweetly fâng the birds on the fragrant bloflbmed apple tree,
Over the head of Gwêrij before he was covered over with fod.
He ufed to fraéture the armour of old Llywarç !

Four and twenty forts I have had,

Wearing the golden chain, leaders of armies : {a)

Gwén was the beft of them !

Four and twenty fons there were to me,
Wearing the golden chain, leaders of battle :
Gwèn was the beft fon pf his fathpr 1

Four and twenty fons to me havebeen,
Wearing the golden chain, and leading princes ;
Compared with Gw/ä, they were but ftriplings.

Four and twenty fons in the family of Llywarç^
Men that were vaiiant oppofers of the foe,
Liberal was the gift attended with boundlefs f^in^ew

Four and twenty fons, the ofispring of my body ;
By ihe means of my tongue thêy were flain :
Juftly come is my budget of misfortunes!

(tf) The Eurdorpgiofi, or wearers of tbe gJJen cbaWf haYC bccn alrcady mcntloned j but
jineurìn may be quoted once more :

Tri-wyr a thriiîg?înt a tlirîçant eurdorçawd,

0*r fawl yd gryíìarant uý gormant wirawd \

Ni ddicngai, namyn tri o wrhydri fofawd s

Dau gadci Aeron, a Cyuon daerawd,

A minnau o*m gwaedfreu, gwerth yy ngwen-wawd !
Three, threefcore, and three hundred heroes wearing the golden chaîn,
There were of thofe that armed themfelves after too much beverage,
There efcaped only threc through the valorous ufe of fwords :
The two dogs of war from Aerony and the ftubbom Cynon \
And I cfcapcid the fpilUng of my blood fayed by thc facredneís of thc holy mufc*

136 CANÜ LLYWARÇ HEM 1*W HEWAINT*

Pan lâs Pyll oedd tevyll briw, (a)
' A gwaed ar walJt hyll,
Ac i am ddwylan Fraw frowyll I {b)

Dyçonad yftavell o cfgyll yfgwydawr (c )
Tra vydded yn fevyll, (d)
A vriwed ar angad Pyll. {e)

Dyn dewis ar vy meibion, (/)

Pan gyiçai bawb ci alon,

Pyll wyn pwyll tân trwy livon ! {g)

Mâd ddodes ei vorddwyd dros obell {h)
Èi orwydd, o wng ac o bell
Pyll pwyll tân trwy fawell I

Oedd llary Ihw aergre, oedd aelcu eilwyddi (/)

Oedd diaas ar yftre:

yyll wyn doed erçyll eudde. (i)

Pan favai yn nrws pebylly . , '

I ar orwydd erewyll,
Arddelwai o wr wraig Pyll !

(tf) Neu, Oed teuyll briw.
[h) Neu, Ac am dwylann ffraw ffrewyll.
(f) Neu, Dichonaf yftaveU {yfteyyU) cfgyll (oefgylL)
Id) Neu, TrauydafynfefyU.
{/) Neu, Afrifed ar angad ByU.
(/) Neu, Dyndeuîsaruymeibioii,
{£) Neu, Trwy Unon ; neu, liwon.
(b) Neu, Dros^beU.
(i) Neu, AeleueU¥yd(aelafeîlwyd.)
{k) Neu, PyU wyndoet perchyll eurddc (eude.)
hí, Du, PyU wyn oedd percbyU eurdde.

ELJEGIC ©P LLYWARÇ HEN ON Oî-D AGE, &(% I37

When Pyll (a) was ílain gaíhing was the wound,

And the blood on the hair feemed horrrble,

And on each bank of the Fraw {b) rapid was the ílreain '

A room might be formed from the wings of íhieldsy
Which would hold one ftanding upright,
That were broken on the grafpof Pyll^

The chofen man amongft my fons,

When each aflàuhed the foe,

Was fair Py//, with a mind unreftrained, as flames up the chimncy."(r)

Gracefully he placed his thigh over the laddle

Of his fteed, on the near and farther fide-^ ^

Py/ with a mind unreftrained as flames up the chímney/

He was gentle, with a ba»d eager for battle, hei was muûc to thc moumcrs,
He was artower of ftrength on his fteed of war~
Fair Pyll! fearíul is his coyering pf feparatìon !

Should he be at the door of his tent,

Ori the dark grey fteed,

At the fight, a hero would be conceived by thc wife oíPyBp

(a) Another of the fons ofUyioarç,

(^) There is a river of this name m Anglejeaf on whiph ym thc ufual refidençe of the princei
oîNortb fTaieSf thence calle4 4berfr(iiÁ) \ but poffibl^ the Fraw mentioned here was ìn íbffle
loistoîCumbrìa,

(c) The origmal is Lin/çfif here rendered chimney ŷ which fome haye taken ta mean a rìyer $
but the appellation may be giyen to one with as.much propf ety as to the other j for the word
fimply means the ŷlace of Jlo^'mgy m ỳajjmg tbrougb. There are a great many rivers called
Liwon \ but that the other fenfe is right here is plain from the fucceeding ftaaza| where the laft
Ììne is the fame, except that/âẃ^//, or aìr boUf ]& uüed inftead oí WwoHf^

138 CANÜ LLYWARÇ HEN lV HENAINT^

Briwyd rhag Pyll penglog fêr; (a)

Ys odid llwvyr yd llever (b)

Yn daw ; ciddil heb ddim digoner. (c)

Pyll wyn, pellynig ei glôd, (d)
Handwyy nwyv erod o'th ddyvod, (e)
Yn vsb o'th arab adnabod ! (/)

Goreu tridyn y dan nev,
A warçedwis eu haddev,
Pyll, a Selyv, a Sanddev.

Yfgwyd a roddais i Byll,

Cyn noi gyfgu neu bu doU, '

Deiniaw i haddav ar wall. (g)

Cyd delai Gynmru, ac elyflu o Loegyr, (h)

A llawer o bobtu,

Dangofai Byll bwyll uddu. (/')

Na Phyll, na Madawg, ni byddynt hiroedlawg, (*)

Or ddevawd y gelwynt : (/)

" Rhoddyn !^ — " na roddyn I" — cyngrair byth nis erçynt ! (m)

(a) Neu, Berìwyd rac Pyll pengioc ffcr.

{b) Ncu, Ys odid (oeddyt) llyfr (Uwfr, Iwfyr, neu llyfyr) ydllcucr.

Neu, Ys odid llwfyr yd Uechcr.
(() Neu, Yndaw (yn dan) eiddil heb ddím (daw) digoner.
{J) Neu, Pdl cunic (cynnig) ci glod.

(e) Neu, Handdwyf nyyf yrot otîi dyvod.
(/) Neu, Unfab a tharan (atharan) adnabot
(g) Neu, Deiniau y hadau, anroll (arwall.)

Neu, Dimheu ei haddef ar wall.
{b) Neu, Ac clyflu Lloegr (clydlu o Lpegr.)

(f) Neu, Danghofeis Byll bwyll ydu.

{k) Neu, Na Phwyll na Madauc ni bydynt hlraethauc.

(/) ^ícu, Or dewawt y (a) gclvynt (gchwynt)

(m) Neu, RodynUarodyn Uygreir vyt nys ercbynt. ' ,

ELEGY OF LLYWARÇ HEN OK OLD AGE, &C. I39

There was fraéhired before Pyll a ftrong fcuU ^
Seldom was there before hiin a coward fniveller
That would be filent ; the weak is fatisfied without any thîng,

Fair Pylly widely fpread his fame ;

Am í not invigorated fince that thou haft exifted

As my fon, and joyful to have known thec !

The beft thrce raen under heaven,
That guarded their habitation,
Pyllj and SelyVy and Sanddey. (0)

I gave a íhield to Py//,

But before hc flept was it not broken,

Going carelefsly to a dwelling ?

Should Cynmru {b) comc, íind the predatory hoft of Lloegyr
With many on each fide, v
Pyll would íhew them conduô,

Nor Pylly nor Madawgy {c) would be long lived,

If according to cuftom there was a callingr-- [fcomed.

** Surrender !" — <* They would not furrender 1" (d) quarters they ever

(tf) Selyü and SanJdev, two otherfons oíLlywarç.

(h) ff^ales, according.to common acceptatíon ; but originally fo much of the ifland as was in-
habited by thc unmixt Cynmry This wìm thc original name general to the whole pcople, and
howfoever feparated into tribes, or principalities with their appropriàte namcs, they ítill retained
this remarkable appellatíon of Cynmryy or Firft Generatìon.

{c) Another fon <3ÍLIywar^.

{d) Surrender is not véry clofe to the original \ and as the literal meanìng of the word í« now
% popular phrafe that íhall be givca liJtcwifc:— — «* JFould tbty gŷue 'm f "— « Tbey would tut

140 CANÜ ILYWARÇ HEN lV HENAINT.

Llyma y rmh ocàA dlvaî, tringar
I veirdd, ys ei glod Uc nid elai,
Byll pei bellaç parhaäi. (a)

Maen, a Madawg, a Medel, dewrwyr,

Diy íUg vroder,

Selyv, Heilyn, Llawr, LIiver. (b)

Bedd Gwell yn y Rhiw Velen,
Bedd Sawyl {c) yn Llan Gollen,
Gwarçeidw LIavyr {ä) Bwlç Llorien»

Bcdd rhudd neu's cudd tywarç,
Ni's evrydd gweryd Ammarç (e)
Bedd Llyngedwy vab Llywarç.

Goreu triwyr yn eu gwlad,
I amddifyn eu trevad {/)
Eithyr, ac Erthyr, ac Argad,

Tri meib Llywarç, tri anghymmcn cld^
Tri çeimiad avlawen,
LlcYi ac Arau, ac Urìcii.

(a) Ncu, Llyma y mabed (yniabüdd) dÎTeî tringar y

Vcird (ei eneîd) ys y glod (Nî ferthynt ni fcî cu clodt)
Lle nid elci Byll pei bellach parci (parhaai.)
(i) Nen, Lliwer*
(f) Ncu, Sawyll.
(</) Ncu, Llamyr.
(e) Neu, Ni feirudd Gweryd Amarcfu

Neu, Nyfeyryd gueryt ammarch.

Ll. Du. Nis eiryd gweryd Cammarclit
(/) Ncu, Y an diíFya cu treuad*

ÊLEOr OF LLYWARÇ ÎÍEN ON OLD AGfi, &C. Ì4I

Behold my fon that was without a fault, and warlike ;
With the bards his fame went, where would not have gone
Pylly if longer he had continued.

Jidaen^ and Madawg, and Medel^ yalient men,
And brothers not refraólory,
SelyVy Heilyn^ LIowtj and Llher*

The grave of Gwell is în Rhiw Felen^ (a)

The grave of Sawyl in LlangoIIeny (b) ?

And LIavyr guards in the pafs of Llorien.

The ruddy grave, is it not covered with fods ?
The earth of JÍmmarç {d) will not be made lefs par«
By the grave of Llyngedwy the fon of Llywarç.

The beft three men în theîr country,
For proteâing their habitation,
Eithyr^ and Erthyrj and Argad.

Three fons of Llywarç^ the three untraébble ones ih battlci
The three joylefs wanderers were
LIeVi and AraUy znd Urien.

(4) Not far from Bala m Márìot^

{b) ìn Denhigbfbire,

(r) ìn Montgomerjifl^e,

{d) Thuth ^DSi^marfmMontgomeryJtíreé

141t CANÜ LLYWARÇ HEN lV HÈNAIWt^

Handid haws i amçwyfon, (a)
O'i adaw ar lan awon,

Y gyd â Uu o wyr Uwydion. (i)

Tarw trin rhyvel adwn,

Cledyr câu, canwyll yfgwn:

Reën ncv I rhwy a endewid hwn. (c )

Y bore gan law y dydd,

Pan gyrçwyd Mwg-mawr-Drevydd,
Nid oedd vagawd meirç Meçydd. (ä)

Cyvarvan a'm cavall, (e)

Celain ar wyar ar wall,

Cy vranc Rhun a'r drud arall.

Diaíbad a ddodir yn ngwarthay Llug Vynyd<l,
Odduç ben bedd Cynllug,
Mau gerydd, mi a'i gorug ! (/)

Odid eiry toîd yftrad,
Dyvryfiynt cedwyr i gâd r
Mi nid av, anav ni'm gad !

(a) Neu, Handìd haus i amchuiíron^
(h) Ncu, Y gyd a llu ewyr llwydoii^

(c) Tẃv trin ryvel adun
Cledir cad canvill o guuin *
Ren ncw niy a endeid hun.

(d) LL Du. Y bore gan lav ydit

Ban girchuid Mug mawr brewit {hrtnmy Saefom)
Nid oed vagaud meirch mechit

(e) Neu, Kywarvan am cafall.
(/*) Neu, Meugerit iqì ae goruc.

ELEGY OF LLYWARÇ HEN ON OLD AGE, &C, I43

May ít be better for his conveniencies
That he be left on the banks of the river,
Witha hoft of grey men. {a)

The buU of tumult, gulder of the war,

And fupport of the battle, the bright elevated lamp—

Mover of heaven ! too long has he been liftened to*

The moming as the day appeared,

When the affault was made on the Great Burr^er ofliowns, {h)

The fteeds oíMeçydd {c) were not trained up.

Oppofite to my repofmg ceíl/' '

There was the corpfe in blood expofed,

From the rencounter of Rhun and the odier hero.

A cry of lamentation wiU be made on the top of the mount òf Hug^

Over the grave of Cynllug ; {d)

The reproach belongs to me, I was the caufe !

Hardly has the fnow covered the vale,
When the warriors are haílening to the battle :
I do not go, I ani hindered by inármity.

(a) It fccms that fomc monaftcry îs alludcd to.

(b) Mwg'tninẁ-Dre-yyddy is an cpithct, if my recoUeôîon îs nght, gÎTcn to Edvyn kîfl(or
|ke Saxon5 oíDâra, in fome MSS.

(c) A fon of JUywarf,
{d) Another of hisfons.
(0 Anotherfonofi«ÿwtfrf.

i

144 6ANÜ LLYWARÇ ŴÈN lV ÜENAÌl^t.

Nid wyd tî yfgolhaig, nid wyd elaig ;
Unben ni'th elwir yn nydd rhaid —
Oç, Cynddilig, na buoíl wraig ! (a)

Pell oddyman Aber Llyw,
Pellaç ein dwy gyvedlyw 2
Talan telais dy ddeigyr i mi heddyw* {h

Er y vais i win o gawg,

Ev a ragwan rai rheiniawg :

Efgyll gwawr oedd waywawrDuawg ! (c)

Ocdd edivar gènyv pan ymerçis, {d)

Nad gantu i ddçwis ; {e)

Cynnydd y vai hael hoedyl mis ! (/>

Adwen Ieverydd cyni vrân ;
Pan ddifgỳnai yn nghyvyrdy
Pcn gwr, pan gwin a ddyly ! (^)

Meyrygawg marçawg maes,
Tra vynws Dovydd vy llcs,
Nid yfwn vegis môç mcs !

(tf) Nyduid ú yfgolhelc nid vld eleie
Unben nith el^ in dit reit
Och Kindilic na b^oil gureic.

[}>) Neu, Talan teleis dy (te) deigyr hedyo»

(c) Neu, Diwg 5 neu, Dwg.

(</) Neu, Ymercheis.

{e) Neu, Nat gantu y dicwîs.

(/) Neu, Cyn y dyfei hael hoedlmis.

(f ) Neo, Atuen leveryd kyni

Fran (pan difgynnei ygkyvrdy
Pta (paen) gurpaa guinadyly.

ELEÓY OF LLYWARÇ HEN ON OLD AGE, &C. ' I45

Thou ârt ìio fcholar, thou art no hermît,

A prince thou wilt not be called in the day of confli£t—

Oh ! CynddiUg^ {e) why wert thou not a woinan !

Far from here is Aber Llywi{a)

Farther apart are our two friendly tribes —

Talafíy I have repaid thy tears to me this day !

Since I have dranlc wine from the goblet, ^

There has been a piercing rencounter of the men of fpears —

LJke the wingsof the dawn wasthe glancing of the lance oí Duawg.{h)

I repented of the time that I intreated

That thou íhouldeft not have thy choice ;

It would have been generous to have life prolonged a month.

I knoẃ the voice of the raven, omen of woe,

When it defcends on the council houfe^ —

Chief of men, a goblet of wine íhould be thy mead.

The viélorious knight of the field,

Whilft the Great Renovator pérmítted me profperity,

I did not then Iike the fwine, devour the acorns !

{a) Another fon o£ Llywarç.

{ò) It is probable that this is the fame as îs writtcn Aher Leu, m the Elegy on Urìen of Re*
gedi being the place where he was flain.
(í) Onc of the fons of Llywar^,

146 CANÜ LLYWARÇ HEN lV HENAINT.

Llywarç Hcn, na vydd di wyl,
Trwydded a gefi dî anwyl —
Tam dy Iygad, taw nag wyl !

Hen wyv vi, ni'th oddiweddav,
Rhodd am gyflul, (a) cwdd arçav— •

Marw Urien, angen arnav !

í

A'i dy gyfful cyrçu brân^ (í)
Can ddiwg ac argynan —
Marẅ meibion Uríen açlan ?

Na çred vrän, na çred Ddunawd,
Na çai ganthudd yn fofawd,
Bugail Uoi Llanvor llwybrawd. (c)

Yffydd Lanvor dra gweilgi,
Y gwna mor molud wrthi—
Llallogan ni wn a'i hi.

Yffydd Llanvor, tra bànawg (^O
Ydd aä Clwyd yn Nghlywedawg,
Ac nì wn ai hi Ibllawg.

He'ís Dyvyrdwy yn ei thervyn,
O Veloç hyd Traweryn,
Bugail Uoi Llanvor llwybryn. (^ J

(a) Neu, Rot am gyflut

{h) Neu, Ai dy gyffut cyrchu bran.

(c) Neu, Llafnawg llwyprawd.

{d) Neu, YíTydd Uafhfawr tra bannawg.

(9 Neu, Llafnawr llwybryn.

ítEGY OF LLYẄARÇ HEN ON 0L1> AGE, ácc. I47

Old Llywarç be thou not abaíhed,

An afylum thou íhalt haye, abounding vì\Úì love~

Wipe thine eye, be íUent, and ceafe from weeping I

I am old, I do not recolleâ thee,

I want advice, it is that I aík —

Urìen is dead, and I am oppreflëd with troubie I

Is it Ibr advice thou goeft to the raven,
That fings her harmlefs clamour —
Ateall the föns of í7nV«dead?

Believe not ŵe i7iven, belîeve not Dunawd^

That thou flialt not have from them one blow in thy caufe,

Herdman of the calves wandering the paths of Llanvor. {a) J

There is Llanvor^ beyond the ftream
From which the fea augments its majefty— ^
But I know not that it ís an oracle,

There is Llawuor^ and very loud

Doth the Clwyd (b) unite with the Clywedawg ;

But I do not know that it is omifious of other times.

The Dyvyrdwy (r) has fpread over its bounds,

From Meloŷ 2íS {31 2is Traweryn^

Herdman of the,calves ranging the patbs of Llanvor,

(a) Thc church ofLIarwor is fituated on tlie banlcs of the Dee, about two mîlcs below Sahf
ìn Meirioft. Llywarç ended his days in the neighbourhood, and was buried in that church.

(b) The Clwyd flows through thc fine yale, to which it giyes its name, in peft^i^b/birg, an4
íâlls into the fea at Rbuddlan

{c) Tìẅúyjsr Dte*

La

^

148 CANÜ LÈYWARÇ HEN l'w HENAINT.

Truan o dynged a dynged,

A dyngwyd i Ly warç y nos i ganed : ^

Hir gniv, heb efgor Uudded !

Teneu vy yfgwyd, ar affwy vy nhu,
Cw bwyy hén, a*s gallav,
Ar Rodwydd Yorlas gwyliav !

D I W E p D,

ELEGY ÇF LLYWARÇ HEN ON OLD AGE, &C. I49

Wretched is tlie fete that has been fated,

That was fworn to Llywar^ on the night of his birth î

Long pains without being delivered of his woes !

Thin is my íhield on my left fide,

Though I am old, if I can,

J wiU watch on the encampment ofMorlas !

T H E E N D.

NEJF PUBLICAl'IONS.

PÖEMS,

LYRIC AND PASTORAL,

BT EDWARD mLLIAMS :

IN TWO YOLÜMES, PRICE EIGHT SHILLINGS.

Bold by J. Owen, No. i68, PiccadiUy ; E. WiUiams, Strand ; andj.jolm-
fon, St. PauPs Church-Yard

By Subfcrlptiony fome Time ìn 1793,

THE CELTIC REMAINS,

ORIGINALLY COLLICTED

BTTHE LATE LEWIS MORRIS,

ÀUGMKI«-r&i' AVD ARRANGEO t

BTWALTER DAFIES, OF ALL SOUU. COLLEGE OXFORD.
The Work wiU be printed in One large Oétavo Yolmne,

PRICE TWELYE SHILLINGS.

Subfcribers' Names are received by the Editor, at Llanveçain, in Montgo-
meryíhire; J. Owen, Piccadilly ; and E. Williams, Strand.

IN ONE YGLUME OCTAYO, PRICE FIVE SHILLNIGS AND 6IXPENCE,

WORKS OF DAYYDD AB GWILYM,

A WELSH BARD OF T^ FOURTEENTH CENTURY.
Sold by E. Williams, Strand; and J. Owen, Piccadilly.

PRICE FOUR SHILLINGS,

THE FIRST AND SECOND PARTS OF

The Firft Difcovery of Arnerica by the Europeans.

BT y. WILLIAMS, L.L. D. OF STDENHAM.

Wherein thc Expedition of Madog ab Owain Gwynedd, in the Twelfth
Century, is examined, and proved, by the prefent Exîíì:ence of a Welíh Co-
lony on that Continent, under the Names of White Padoucas, Madawgwys,
White Indians, CivUized Indians, and Welíh Indians.

GWERTH 2 SWLLT,

TRAETHAWD AR RYDDYD,

O WAITH

Waher Davies; ac i'w Cael Ganddoyn Llanveçain; ac E. Wílliams, Strand.

^W PUBLICATÌOÜS.

In F(bruaryj 1793, wlll le publt/hed^
THB FIKST PART OF THE

WELSH AND ENGLISH DICTIONARYí

COMPILED riOM THl ..

LAWS, HISTORY, POETRY, MANNERS, &c. OF THE WElIéL *

BT WILLIAM OWÈN, ^

Many of the Patronizei*s of thîs Work having made înquiríes after ît, ia
confequence of a pronrìife that it would be publiílied at a period now paíl,
the Compiler conceives himfelf under a neceffity to make kaown thc caufe
ofdelay.

The firíl PropoTals announced that this DiÄionary would contain 7W«ÿ
TUufand PTords inore than any other of thc Welûi Language. This wa» ^
done on the fuppoiltion that the colleéiions previouflv made by otbers, .1
added to that by the- compiler would be about that nuÄiber. fint after hc \
had made fome progrefs in reading ^ welfli Writings, fòr tlfií pẃrç^e oẁì
corfeẂng words, he fbund what was previoufly donc was but yery partial, j
and he found his own additons fwelling to a bulk that he had no idea of.
If he had' beeu tolerably exaél in his firtl calculation, the ẃork mîght havc J
been publiflied a longtime ago ;• but, from the reílilt of his having examim. f|
tá regularly all the old manufcripts that fell in his way, thè colleôiön âi
additional words exceed the enormous number of one hundred tbÔu-%
SAND, after throwing afide all the irregular and barbarous words. Ta
thofe who have an idea of the Jabour attending the arrangement of fuch a \
Itìafs it is fufficient bareiy to mention the circumftancc, to induce thcm ttf '|
judge favourably of the delay that has happened.

GWERTH SWLLT.

Awdlau Yftyriaeth ar oes Dyn, Gwirionedd a RhyddydŷJ

. ' ' GAN

Davydd Thomas, o'r Waun Vawr, yn Ajron 5 ac ar Werth Gantho.

ANCIENT BRITISH BARDS, VOL. II.

Tûwards the Clofe of the Tear 1793, ^^^^ be publìjhedy

THE WORKS OF TALIESIN^

A ÉARD OF THE SIXTH CENTURY. ' ^ ,Al

WITH 'ÌÇ

A LITERAL ENGLISH YERSION, AND NOTES, ^

BY jyiLLlAM OWEN.

Subfcribers' Names wiU be received b'y J. Owcn, No, 168, Piccadilly; and^ ;
E. Williams, Stranë.

67682484